Class 12 Informatics Practices Revision Flashcards

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering key topics in Python Pandas, Matplotlib, SQL Database management, Networking, and Web Technologies based on the revision transcript.

Pandas

A Python library created by Wes McKinney in 2008 used for data analysis and manipulation of structured data.

Library

A collection of pre-written code (modules and functions) that helps simplify programming tasks in Python.

Series

A One-Dimensional Pandas data structure where data (value) is mutable, size is immutable, and elements must be homogeneous.

DataFrame

A Two-Dimensional Pandas data structure where both value and size are mutable, and columns can contain heterogeneous data types.

Series.index

An attribute that returns the index of the series.

Series.values

An attribute that returns the underlying data as an ndarray.

Series.dtype

An attribute that returns the data type (dtype) of the underlying data.

Series.shape

An attribute that returns a tuple of the shape of the underlying data.

Series.nbytes

An attribute that returns the number of bytes used by the underlying data.

Series.ndim

An attribute that returns the number of dimensions, which is always $1$ for Series.

Series.size

An attribute that returns the number of elements in the series.

Series.itemsize

An attribute that returns the size (in bytes) of one element in the underlying data.

Series.hasnans

An attribute that returns True if there are any NaN values in the series.

Series.empty

An attribute that returns True if the series is empty.

CSV File

A Comma Separated Value text file where values are separated by commas, each line represents a record (row), and each row consists of one or more fields (columns).

Matplotlib

A Python library used for data visualization.

matplotlib.pyplot

The module inside Matplotlib used for creating charts.

Line Chart

A data visualization chart that shows trends over time using continuous values on the X-axis and a line connecting data points.

Bar Chart

A data visualization chart that compares categories using rectangular bars and categorical values on the X-axis.

Histogram

A data visualization chart that shows data distribution using continuous values (bins) on the X-axis and bars showing frequency.

Degree

The total number of attributes in a database table.

Cardinality

The total number of rows in a database table.

Primary Key

A column or a set of columns in a table that uniquely identifies each record in the table.

Foreign Key

A column in one table that uniquely identifies a row of another table, creating a relationship between the two tables.

DDL

Data Definition Language commands (such as CREATE, ALTER, DROP, RENAME) that define the structure of a database.

DML

Data Manipulation Language commands (such as INSERT, UPDATE, SELECT, DELETE) that manipulate data within a database.

Cartesian Product

A relational database operation where total rows equal $\text{Rows} \times \text{Rows}$ and columns from both tables are combined.

Equi Join

A type of database join that joins rows with equal values in specified columns.

ARPANET

The first prototype of the internet developed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency.

NSF

National Science Foundation, an agency promoting science research and education.

Modem

A network device that modulates and demodulates signals for internet connectivity.

Router

A network device that connects and manages multiple networks.

Repeater

A network device that amplifies and extends network signal range.

Gateway

A network device that translates data between different protocols.

Bridge

A network device that connects and filters traffic between two Local Area Networks (LANs).

Hub/Switch

A central connection point for devices in a network.

Tree Topology

A hierarchical network topology combining bus and star topologies.

Mesh Topology

A network topology that requires $\frac{n(n-1)}{2}$ connections for fully connecting $n$ nodes.

IP Address

A unique identifier assigned to a device in a network.

VoIP

Voice over Internet Protocol; technology that allows voice communication over the internet instead of traditional phone lines.

Domain Name

Human-readable names mapping to IP addresses, such as google.com.

Add-ons

Browser extensions that modify or add new features to a web browser, such as a Dark Mode extension.

Plugins

External software components that enable specific functionality within a browser, such as Flash Player.

Cookies

Small data files stored on a user's device by websites to remember preferences and track activity.