Feudal Japan: Chapter 1-4 Notes

What is Shintoism

________ is a polytheistic religion based on the respect of nature and ancestors worship.

What was a requirement that the daiymo had to follow ?

The daimyo was in control of each region and were required to visit ________ every 2 years.

How was Toyotomi different than Oda Nabunaga

________ was resourceful and not ruthless like oda he used political alliances, adoption and marriage to gain power over the other Daimyo.

Samurai warriors were _______

________ were usually relatives or dependant of the Daimyo.

Who’s the most important shinto god?

The most important shinto god is the sun goddess ( a common belief amongst most Japaneses people )

Chinese influence on Japans government

As Japan had more contact with Asia it adopted the chinese idea of an emperor

Why was the emperor highly viewed?

They also ruled by dynasties; the emperor was stated to have come down from heaven ( religion played a big role in Japan's feudal system

Who are the 3 powerful Daimyo known as the 3 unifiers began to restore Japan

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Toyotomi took over after Oda Nabunaga and then Tokugawa took over after.

When did Tokugawa rule ?

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Ruled from 1542 - 1616

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Why did Tokugawa not want Japan to be exposed to Western world view?

wanted to ensure Japan's sovereignty by applying the closed country edict

What did Isolationists believe?

Believed that japan could advance on its own

Why did Japan isolate itself ?

Did not want any foreign influence and to protect Japans sovereignty.

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* Tokugawa (1) ____ __and established a__ ________ (2)

• Established government base in Edo

• Finalized unification of Japan

Tokugawa ruled that any person who has converted shall _____

beheaded

Why were daimyo constantly at war

for more power and higher status

Oda Nobunaga was the _____ of the 3 shogun to rule

first

What did Oda Nabunaga achieve?

Introduced new practiced to pave the way towards a unified Japan

What did Oda Nabunaga achieve?

• Gained control over Japanese politics

• Built a series of castles to defend his land

What did Oda Nabunaga achieve?

Reduced influence of buddhists

What did Toyotomi change ownership payment to?

rice - koku

Toyotomi helped create a formal class structure ex: _____,__ ______,__ ______,__ ______

Created a formal class structure of samurai, merchants, Eta etc

Hideyoshi attempted to ______ __into__ _____ but he failed

Tried to expand his land into Korea but failed

Who made people choose between being a warrior or a farmer not both?

Toyotomi

T/F Tokugawa ordered missionaries to leave 26 were executed and those who survived were left with a warning

false

T/F Toyotomi helped change government to democracy

false

Shintoism is a religion that consists of _____

* This consists of the belief in divine spirits called Kamis that live in nature.

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Why did Japan close their port

to prevent catholic missionaries from coming and converting people

Before the closed country edict was put into place ______ __converted__ ______

Francis Xavier converted 150 000 before the closed country edict was put in place

Why were people converting viewed as bad?

The reason that people converting was seen as bad is because they did not view the Shogun as the highest power rather putting their beliefs first which worried and angered the Bakufu

Who are daimyo ?

The Daimyo was the commander of each region

Ronin are ?

masterless samurai

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After Ieyasu’s death the Bakufu worried about the people following other spiritual views so they introduced

the closed country edict

Whats the national seclusion policy?

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The National Seclusion Policy developed over six years from 1633 to 1639.  It set out controls on the interaction between Japanese and foreigners.

The closed country edict of 1635 stated that:

 **Japanese ships are strictly forbidden to travel to foreign countries**

The closed country edict of 1635 stated that:

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* **No single trading city shall be permitted to purchase all the merchandise brought by foreign ships.**

The closed country edict of 1635 stated that:

 If any southern barbarians (Westerners) teach Christianity or commit crimes, they may be put into prison.

The closed country edict of 1635 stated that:

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* **No Japanese is permitted to go abroad. Anyone who attempts to do so must be executed.**

The closed country edict of 1635 stated that:

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* **Portuguese ships are banned from Japanese ports. Any ship disobeying this order will be destroyed and its crew and passengers executed.**

The closed country edict of 1635 stated that:

If any Japanese returns from overseas after residing there, he must be put to death.

Edo:

`The old name for Tokyo. Edo literally means the mouth of bay`

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**Bakufu:**

The centralized military government

Han:

 

A local government in each domain (province)

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The daimyo were divided into three classes:

• those most trusted and loyal

• nobles of the Tokugawa family

• those who had little standing because they may have opposed the shogun before he gained power.

Daimyo:

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The lord of a local region or the head samurai of a local government

Shogun:

 

The head of a central military government.

The bakufu wanted to ensure that dainmyo

The Bakufu wanted to ensure that no daimyo could gain enough power and wealth to overtake the shogun or gain power over the members of the bakufu

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Every Diamyo must adhere to these rules: 

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* No unnecessary contact between Daimyos

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Every Diamyo must adhere to these rules: 

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* Report any suspicious activities, don’t let traitors to the Shogun into their domain

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Every Diamyo must adhere to these rules: 

There can only be one castle per domain

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Every Diamyo must adhere to these rules: 

Supply detailed maps of landholding to Bakufu

Every Daimyo must adher to these rules:

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* Daimyo must support public building project

Why types of theatre is Japan popular for (kabuki)

Kabuki theatre: exaggerated acting, mirrors Japanese life style

Japan is popular for its puppet theatre which is called

Banraku

What are Geishas

women dancing and singing demonstrating ettiquite

Japan is also popular for

woodblock images and printing press, they also developed poetry (haiku)

What is Osaka known to be

the kitchen of Japan

Osaka has many famous ______

castles

T/F 100’s of warehouses are located in edo

False

Whats the meaning of sovereignty

independence/self governing

The previous capital of Japan was ____ __due to its__ -______ ( mountains surrounding it)

Kyoto, strategic positioning

What is a feudal system

a system in which people are given land and protection by people of higher rank and work and fight for them

Who were popular patrons of art ?

The daimyo

Why did the merchant class become wealthy?

due to the city growing

When did the Edo period start ?

16th century

How many regions did Japan have

250 regions

What must all commoners do upon coming to Japan?

registering themselves at buddhist temples

List the order of the Hierarchal system

Emperor, Shogun, Daimyo, Samura, Ronin, Peasants, Eta

Who’s a ronin

a masterless samurai

Who are daimyo controlled by

Bakufu

Peasants make up about ____ percent of the population

90%

In order for a Daimyo to marry they must:

receive permission from the bakufu

daimyo are not allowed any ____ *, report any* ____ __*and dont let traitors to the*__ __________

any unnessecary contact, report any sus activities, shogun in their domain

What is imperialism

a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force

The Edo period started from ?

1603-1867

What is the charter oath ?

A document signed after the the overtake of tokugawa (meiji period)

Which 2 groups wanted contact with the outside world?

Liberals and young samurai

Russian Monarchs were called

Czars

What is a coup

a violent takeover

Which 4 countries did Japan take advice from or refernced

USA, Germany, France, Britain

When did the meiji period start and end?

1868-1912

what 3 components make regalia

sword, mirror, jewel

Threat of military action

gunboat diplomacy

To be absorbed into a larger group

assimilation

Who were the Ainu

indegenous japanese people

Whats a constitutional government

It means government conducted according to rules and principles,

Whats economic change

industralization and modernizatio in order to stimulate trade

A former US ranking above Captain

Commodore

Shogun and Bakufu feared loss of power if

they contacted the outside world

Who were the Eta

people who had jobs relating to deaths

Types of change

Social, governmental, economic, religous change

How does Japans geography affect its worldview

Surrounded by water (closed port), separate from the world

The Bakufu had the ability to

• Had the power to relocate them

• Had the power to abolish them

• Created laws that did not allow for  the daimyo to create alliances with each other

• Created laws that made it impossible to gain enough money to become a threat

What are the ^ levels of Feudal system

6 Levels of the class system:

• Shogun

• Samurai

• Farmers

• Artisans

• Merchants

• Outcasts (Eta)

• Non-Humans (Hinin)

How did Communities Change During Isolation?

• The shogun created, and maintained five major roadways for the diamyo’s annual pilgrimages to Edo

• The regular movement of people had an effect on the economies of the domains of the nation

  • Economies of the rural and urban areas became intertwined.

    • As the diamyo and their entourages traveled, the need for services on the route grew

    • Accommodations

    • Food

    • Etc.

Why did merchants get rich (2)

* With all the visitors going to Edo, artisans and merchants started to settle in areas on the main roadways.
* This provided the travelers with goods and services

How Did The Popular Culture Of Japan Change During Isolation?

* Just as the arts flourished in the city-states of the Renaissance, the popular culture of Japan began to change 
* Cities grew and the merchant class became more wealthy
* The daimyo became patrons of the arts and supported artists, sculptors, painters etc.

How Did Foreign Influence Change Japan Despote Policies Of Isolation?

• Depsite it’s policies, Japan was not totally isolated

• The Chinese and the Koreans were permitted limited access to the country to meet with Japanese traders ad officials

• Chinese influence on Japanese learning increased during isolation as their goods and ideas were actually allowed into Japan

  • In the 1720’s the shogun himself became interested in Western books and ideas and as a result relaxed restrictions on importing books

China was forced to sign a treaty that gave control of their ports to Britain. What was Japans response

• Since they saw China as a powerful nation, they realized the strength of the British Navy.

• Abandoned some edicts that might cause Western countries, like Britain, want to invade Japan if they don’t start negotiating.

Commodore Matthew Perry negotiated

• Get supplies and coal from Japan

• To protect sailors and American ships that might need help

• To enter into an official trade agreement

• Townsend Harris negotiated

  • Opened five ports for the Americans

  • Allowed Americans to live in Edo and Osaka

  • Supplied Japan with ships, arms, and technicians

Japans response

• Intellectuals in the larger domains found the treaties favorable

• Others felt that they were unequal treaties

• Japan was pressured to sign treaties with Russia, Britain, France and the Netherlands. (also considered unequal)

• Japan leaders felt they must compete with the West to meet foreign challenges and protect Japan’s Sovereignty