BIOL 220 - Nervous Tissue Exam Review

Practice flashcards based on the BIOL 220 Nervous Tissue lecture notes to aid in exam preparation.

What part of the nervous system integrates incoming sensory information and issues motor commands?

B. Central Nervous System

Which type of neuron carries impulses toward the CNS?

C. Sensory neurons

What glial cell forms the myelin sheath in the CNS?

C. Oligodendrocyte

Which neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory in the CNS?

C. GABA

Describe the three main functions of the nervous system.

The three main functions are sensory input, integration, and motor output.

Differentiate between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems in terms of structure and function.

The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements and is composed of sensory and motor neurons; the autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions and is subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Describe the structure and function of a multipolar neuron.

A multipolar neuron has multiple dendrites and one axon, and it is responsible for integrating information and transmitting signals throughout the nervous system.

List the six types of neuroglia and provide one function for each.

1. Astrocytes - Support and nutrition; 2. Oligodendrocytes - Myelination in CNS; 3. Microglia - Immune defense; 4. Ependymal cells - CSF production; 5. Schwann cells - Myelination in PNS; 6. Satellite cells - Support ganglia.

Compare and contrast myelinated and unmyelinated axons.

Myelinated axons have myelin sheaths which increase the speed of signal transmission, while unmyelinated axons lack this sheath and transmit signals slower.

What is responsible for voluntary motor control?

The somatic nervous system.

What are the gaps between Schwann cells called?

Nodes of Ranvier.

What neurotransmitter is responsible for muscle contraction at the NMJ?

Acetylcholine.

Who maintains the blood-brain barrier?

Astrocytes.

True or False: All neurons are capable of mitosis throughout life.

False.

True or False: Gray matter is composed primarily of myelinated axons.

False.

True or False: The enteric nervous system functions independently of the CNS.

True.

True or False: Synaptic vesicles are found in the postsynaptic neuron.

False.