Reproductive

Painful menstruation

Dysmenorrhea

Primary dysmenorrhea cause

increased prostaglandins

Endometrial tissue outside of the uterus is called

endometriosis

Endometrial tissue within the myometrium

adenomyosis

Key words for adenomyosis

3

Heavy bleeding

enlarged uterus

painful periods

Hormonal disorder causing anovulation

PCOS

4 signs of PCOS

Irregular periods

Hirsutism

Obesity

Infertility

PCOS hormone change

Increased androgens

Ascending infection of the reproductive tract

PID

PID complications

3

Infertility

Ectopic pregnancy

Chronic pelvic pain

Discharge from candida vaginitis

thick white

Bacterial vaginosis discharge

thing gray discharge with fishy odor

Trichomoniasis discharge

frothy yellow-green

What type of cancer is strongly linked to HPV

Cervical cancer

Postmenopausal bleeding is usually in what type of cancer

endometrial

_ cancer is often silent until advanced

Ovarian

Benign smooth muscle tumors

Leiomyomas (fibroids)

Leiomyoma symptoms

3

heavy bleeding

pelvic pressure

enlarged uterus

Toxic shock syndrome signs

3

high fever

hypotension

diffuse rash

Follicle growth

FSH

Triggers ovulation

LH

Builds the endometrium

Estrogen

Maintains pregnancy

Progesterone

Milk production

Prolactin

Milk ejection and uterine contractions

Oxytocin

What decreases FSH

Inhibin

Produce eggs, estrogen, and progesterone

Ovaries

Sheds during menstruation

Functional endometrium

Regenerates the functional layer

Basal endometrium

Most common site of fertilization

Fallopian tubes

Passage between uterus and vagina

cervix

Birth canal

vagina

site of spermatogenesis

seminiferous tubules

what cells support sperm production

Sertoli cells

What cells produce testosterone

leydig cells

Functions of testosterone

3

spermatogenesis

libido

secondary sex characteristics

produces fructose (energy for sperm)

seminal vesicles

produces alkaline fluid

prostate gland

What lubricates the urethra

bulbourethral glands

Menstrual cycle order

FSH→Follicle→LH surge→Ovulation→Progesterone

LH surge=

ovulation

Inflammation of the epididymis

Epididymitis

Epididymitis cause <35 yrs

STIs

Epididymitis cause >35 yrs

E. coli or UTI

fluid around the testicle

hydrocele

Dilated scrotal veins

varicocele

Twisting of the spermatic cord

testicular torsion

Hallmark sign of testicular torsion

sudden, severe unilateral pain

inflammation of the testicle

Orchitis

cause of orchitis

mumps

Benign enlargement of the prostate

BPH

Symptoms of BPH

4

Weak stream

hesitancy

frequency

nocturia

What zone does BPH occur

transition zone

Most common cancer in men

prostate

What zone does prostate cancer occur

Peripheral zone

Most common cause of testicular cancer

seminoma

Painless testicular mass

seminoma

yolk sac tumor has increased

AFP

Choriocarcinoma has increased

hCG

Fibrous plaques→ curved penis

Peyronie disease