Immuno pathogens

Measles

Spreads through respiratory droplets; can wipe out 11-75% of antibodies

Symptoms: fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, RED RASH

Influenza

A contagious respiratory illness caused a virus; can cause mild to severe illness and can lead to hospitalization and death.

Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome

B + T cells present but dont work well; inability to produce MHCII + MHCII for cell presentation

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Low IgM production with excessive bleeding due to platelet dysfunction and increased susceptibility to infections.

This X-linked condition affects primarily males and is characterized by eczema, recurrent infections, and thrombocytopenia.

DiGeorge Syndrome

Thymic aplasia/hypoplasia (Low parathyroid function) leading to decreased T cell and calcium production

Caused by chromosome 22 deletion, leading to developmental defects and immune deficiency.

Hypersensitivity Type 1

IgG binds to receptors on mast cells that trigger histamine release from degranulation

Symptoms include allergic reactions such as hives, asthma, and anaphylaxis.

Hypersensitivity Type 2

IgG binds to surface antigens on cells, leading to cell destruction through phagocytosis.

Soluble antigens enter circulation and damage tissues through complement system → antibodies mark on cells to destroy them where antibodies dont kill them but cause malfunction

Hypersensitivity Type 3

IgG and IgM antibodies form immune complexes with soluble antigens through compliment activation → leading to inflammation and tissue damage

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

chronic autoimmune condition where antibodies attack the body. It can affect multiple organ systems and is characterized by periods of flares and remission.

Symptoms: mouth ulcers, pleauritis, pnemonitis, pulmonary emboli, blood in urine (hematuria) BUTTERFLY RASH ON CHEEKS, abdominal pain, endocarditis, artherosclerosis, anemia, hypertension, swollen joints, arthritis, pain in joints and fatigue.

Bacteremia

presence of bacteria in blood

Septicemia

growth of bacteria in blood

Dermatophytes

fungi infecting hair, skin or nails

Protozoa

infections from parasites that can cause diseases in humans and animals, often transmitted through contaminated water or food.