PNS/BAFS/PAES 270:2018 Agricultural Infrastructures – Silo

aeration

movement of air through stored grains for purposes other than drying

access door

provides access inside the silo which may be located at the roof or at the wall

angle of friction

angle of the material when the grains held starts to move

base flooring

floor located at the basement of flat bottom silos

control panel

panel where all the controls are located, with or without mimic board

eave height

height of the vertical-walled segment of silo

elevator

mechanism that facilitates vertical movement of grains

elevator boot

equipment for receiving grains at the bottom of a bucket elevator

equivalent height

height of grains at level condition

fumigation

action of releasing a toxic chemical in the gaseous state to control a targeted pest

grain

milled or unmilled, seeds or fruits of various food plants more specifically the cereal grasses.

headhouse

dumping house; intake house; grain receiving area which may consist of elevator and other accessories such as weighing and cleaning machines.

hopper

sloping, walled structure for discharging grains

load distribution system

structure above the silo bins that houses conveyor systems for grain distribution

mimic board

board where the flow of grains at different points of the system at any time will be reflected

overall height

distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of the silo structure

overall length

distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of the silo structure and touching its front and rear extremities

overall width

distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the machine, each plane touching the outermost point of the silo structure on its respective side

peak height

overall height of the silo structure from the topmost structure of the roof to the ground

silo

unit consisting of upright containers used for storage and handling of grains in bulk and provided with necessary equipment and accessories

silo diameter

inside diameter of the largest inscribed circle within the silo cross-section

silo flooring

surface at the bottom of the silo where the grains lie

slenderness

aspect ratio; ratio of the equivalent height (h) to the silo diameter (d), (h:d)

spout

passageway of grains to be loaded into the silo

stiffener

vertical frame fastened to the silo walls which carries the loads

storage block

portion of the silo where grains are stored

transition

intersection of the hopper and the vertical wall, for hopper bottom type silos

unloading system

structure below or at ground level that houses the collection equipment

volumetric capacity

volume contained in the cylindrical portion only of the silo or the volume contained in both the cylindrical portion and the conical section within the roof space

wall ring

one level of the storage block of silo

weather proofing

process of sealing the connections between sheets and other parts such as caulking

wind rings

connected to the sidewall stiffeners to provide continuous circular reinforcement around the silo

Retaining

A silo that has an aspect ratio less than or equal to 0.4 (h/d ≤ 0.4) with a flat bottom

Squat

A silo that has an aspect ratio greater than 0.4 and less than or equal to 1 (0.4 < h/d ≤ 1.0). If the silo has an aspect ratio less than or equal to 0.4 (h/d ≤ 0.4) and has a hopper, it is also classified as ——.

Intermediate

A silo that has an aspect ratio greater than 1.0 and less than 2.0. (1.0 < h/d < 2.0)

Slender

A silo that has an aspect ratio greater than or equal to 2.0 (h/d ≥ 2.0)

Belt conveyors

is positioned between rollers driven by pulleys with intermittently spaced idlers for support.

screw conveyor

is made up of a continuous helix that is mounted on a pipe in a fixed trough.The conveyor may have multiple feed points as long as the designed allowable loading is not exceeded. The conveyor may also have multiple discharge points.

Chain conveyors

A take-up device which is connected to the sprocket opposite to the drive sprocket is responsible for proper tensioning of it. The materials are conveyed using some type of attachment such as pans.

Pneumatic conveyors

use high pressure air to transport grains in a totally enclosed system. It consists of the high pressure air source, a feed device, a conveying pipeline, and a receptacle for release of transported material and carrier gas.

Bucket elevators

are ideally used for the vertical conveyance of loose grains. It carried by either belt or chain elevators.