Pathophysiology - Lecture 22 - Environmental Problems and Aging

Environmental Hazards

Agents in the environment can cause damage to cells and organs of the human body

tx for heavy metals

Chelation Therapy (injected to bind to the heavy metal) (EDTA)

Hyperthermia

-heat exhaustion

-heat stroke

-abnormally high body temperature

Hypothermia

-abnormally low body temperature

-frostbite

-fall in frozen lake, take off wet clothing

What food is perfect protein?

eggs

Water-soluble vitamins

B vitamins and vitamin C

Fat-soluble vitamins

A, D, E, K

Bulk Minerals

sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur

Trace Minerals

iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, copper, manganese, chromium, cobalt

Calories per gram of fat

9.46

Calories per gram of protein

4.18

Calories per gram of carbohydrates

4.32

Calories per gram of alcohol

7

Kwashiorkor

-protein deficiency

- >18 months

Marasmus

-energy deficiency

- < 1 year old

P.E.M.

protein energy malnutrition

Vitamin B1

-AKA thiamine

-water-soluble

-Causes the disease Beri-Beri

Vitamin B2

-AKA riboflavin

-water-soluble

-causes the disease Glossitis

Vitamin B3

-AKA Niacin

-water-soluble

-causes the disease Pellagra

Vitamin B-12

-water-soluble

-causes the disease Pernicious Anemia

Vitamin C

-AKA ascorbic Acid

-water-soluble

-causes the disease Scurvy

Vitamin A

-AKA Retinol

-fat-soluble

-causes night blindness (then blind then death)

Vitamin D

-AKA Calciferol

-fat-soluble

-Causes the disease Rickets

Vitamin E

-AKA tocoferol

-fat-soluble

-Causes infertility and reduces life span of RBCs

Vitamin K

-fat-soluble

-for blood clotting

What BMI is considered obese?

over 30

What is fructose to the body?

poison

What is the average age life of humans?

82

ROS

-free radicals

-ROS is bad

-get these from breathing and eating

-ROS damages

What gets rid of ROS?

SOD and GP

SOD

Superoxide Dismutase

GP

Glutathione Peroxidose

senesence

zombie cells

Mitochondrial Aging

Mitochondria does not repair itself

What happens to the body when mitochondria does not repair itself?

less energy and more waste

telomere

-DNA at the tips of chromosomes ("the cap")

-TTAGGG

What would happen to chromosomes if there was not any telomeres?

ends of chromosomes would be "repaired," leading to chromosome fusion and abnormal function

What does ROS and/or aging can lead to?

cancer, apoptosis, senescence (zombie cells)

How many times do cells copy themselves?

50 times