useful tips for exam 2 - ch 6 ionic bonds -> acids/bases

for classifying covalent compounds, what nomenclature do we use?

prefix + name of 1st element + prefix + base name of 2nd element + “-ide”

→ prefixes come from here: mono 1, di 2, tri 3, tetra 4, penta 5, hexa 6, hepta 7, octa 8, nona 9, deca 10

covalent bond

compounds made of ONLY non-metals

ionic bond

made of metals AND non-metals

for type I ionic bonds, what is the nomenclature?

name of cation + base name of anion + “-ide”

for polyatomic ions, you do not need the “-ide” ending

for type II ionic compounds, what is the nomenclature?

name of cation (charge of cation in roman numerals) + base name of anion + “-ide”

how would you name this type I ionic compound?

K₂O

potassium oxide

how would you name this type I ionic compound?

BaSO₄

barium sulfate

how would you name this type II ionic compound?

FeCl₂

iron (II) chloride

how would you name this type II ionic compound?

Pb(SO₄)²

lead (IV) sulfate

what is the only positively charged polyatomic ion?

ammonium → NH₄⁺

C₂H₃O₂^-

acetate

CO₃^2-

carbonate

HCO₃^-

hydrogen carbonate/bicarbonate

OH^-

hydroxide

NO₂^-

nitrite

NO₃^-

nitrate

CrO₄^2-

chromate

Cr₂O₇^2-

dichromate

PO₄^3-

phosphate

HPO₄^2-

hydrogen phosphate

H₂PO₄^-

dihydrogen phosphate

NH₄⁺

ammonium

ClO^-

hypochlorite

ClO₂^-

chlorite

ClO₃^-

chlorate

ClO₄^-

perchlorate

MnO₄^-

permaganate

SO₃^2-

sulfite

HSO₃^-

hydrogen sulfite/bisulfite

SO₄^2-

sulfate

HSO₄^-

hydrogen sulfate/bisulfate

CN^-

cyanide

O₂^2-

peroxide

dissociation

when ionic compounds dissolve in water, the anions and cations separate from one another

what happens when this ionic compound dissolves in water?

Na₂S(aq) → 2 Na⁺(aq) + S^2-(aq)

dissociation

what happens to ionic compounds that contain polyatomic ions dissolves in water?

dissociation, except the polyatomic ion stays together

what happens when this ionic compound dissolves in water?

Na₂SO₄(aq) → 2Na⁺(aq) + SO₄^2-(aq)

dissociation, except for the polyatomic ion

electrolytes

materials that dissolve in water to form a solution that will conduct electricity

non-electrolytes

materials that dissolve in water to form a solution that will not conduct electricity

strong electrolyte

materials that completely dissolve as ions, meaning they conduct electricity very well

→ ionic compounds + strong acids

weak electrolytes

materials that dissolve mostly as molecules, but partially as ions. this means they do not conduct electricity very well

→ weak acids

would NaCl form a strong or weak electrolyte in water?

strong electrolyte

would CH₃COOH (acetic acid) form a strong electrolyte or weak electrolyte when dissolved in water?

weak electrolyte

acids

molecular compounds that form H+ cations when dissolved in water

strong acid

form H+ ions ans ionize 100%

weak acid

acids that only ionize a small %

is this a strong or weak acid?

HCl(aq) → H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

strong acid

is this a strong or weak acid?

HF(aq) ←→ H+(aq) + F-(aq)

weak acid

(HClO₄)

perchloric acid

(HCl)

hydrochloric acid

(HBr)

hydrobromic acid

(HI)

hydroiodic acid

(HNO₃)

nitric acid

(H₂SO₄)

sulfuric acid

(HClO₃)

chloric acid

what are the 7 strong acids?

1) (HClO₄)→perchloric acid

2) (HCl)→hydrochloric acid

> 3) (HBr)→hydrobromic acid

> 4) (HI)→hydroiodic acid

5) (HNO₃)→nitric acid

6) (H₂SO₄)→sulfuric acid

7) (HClO₃)→chloric acid

what are the strong bases?

anything ending in “hydroxide”

are these strong acids or strong bases?

LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)₂, Sr(OH)₂, Ba(OH)₂

strong bases

PO33-

phosphite

-ous→?

-ite

-ic→?

-ate