Separation Techniques of Mixtures

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers various physical methods for separating solid-in-liquid, liquid-in-liquid, and solid-in-solid mixtures as discussed in the lecture notes.

Separation Techniques of Mixture

The process of separating or extracting different components of a mixture using physical methods to isolate useful products, remove unwanted particles, and obtain pure substances.

Evaporation

A technique used for mixtures of a solvent and a soluble solid, where the solution is heated until the organic solvent evaporates and leaves behind the solid residue.

Distillation

A purification process where the components of a liquid mixture are vaporized and then condensed and isolated.

Centrifugation

The process of separating substances of different densities from a mixture with the help of a centrifuge.

Centrifugal Force

The apparent outward force on a mass when it is rotated during centrifugation.

Sedimentation

The process by which heavier impurities in a liquid, typically water, settle into the bottom of the container containing the mixture.

Decantation

The process of pouring out the liquid from a mixture without disturbing the sediment, sometimes using a glass rod to help.

Filtration

The separation of finer impurities from the decantate by using a filter medium that permits the fluid to pass through but retains the solid particles.

Magnetic Separation

A method involving the separation of magnetic substances from non-magnetic substances by means of a magnet.

Fractional Distillation

Used to separate mixtures of two liquids with different boiling points, such as Ethyl alcohol ($78.37\,^{\circ}C$) and Water ($100\,^{\circ}C$).

Chromatography

A technique used to separate a mixture of solutes (or liquid) with different solubility and degree of adsorption, commonly used to separate colored inks.

Sieving

The process of removing particles from a mixture based on differences in particle size using sieve plates to separate coarse from fine particles.

Winnowing

A separation technique in which lighter particles are separated from heavier components by blowing air or by the wind.