[PART 2] Egyptian Architecture

The Great pyramid of Khufu

The Pyramid in the
Place of Sunrise and
Sunset

Mentuhotep's Royal Tomb

Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut

Abu Simbel

Predynastic (archaic)

period the time just before narmer's unification

mastaba

Early Dynastic
Period structures

Menes

A ruler from Upper Egypt who unified
Egypt by conquering
other kingdoms from
the Lower Egypt

Narmer's Palette

Mastaba

chambers carved out of
bedrock and covered with flat pieces of stone

Mastaba

1. stepped pyramid at saqqara
2. meidum pyramid at meidum
3. bent pyramid at dahshur
4. red pyramid at dahshur
5. khufu's pyramid
6. khafre's pyramid
7. menkaure's pyramid

Old kingdom great structures

King Sneferu

was the pharaoh of the
fourth dynasty; known for three major building
projects

Meidum Pyramid of Meidum

limestone

red Pyramid of Dahshur casing material

the great pyramid of giza

The Great pyramid of Khufu also known as

underground chamber

chamber carved into bedrock

king's chamber

khufu chamber held a red granite sarcophagus placed almost exactly at the center of the pyramid

King Khafre

son of khufu, name means appearing like ra

King Khafre

known as the builder of
Second largest pyramid of Giza

136.4 m

King Khafre's pyramid height:

65.5 m

King Menkaure's pyramid height

Userkaf

First Ruler of the
5th Dynasty

Beni Hasan

cliff-hewn tombs overlooking the river valley

parts ot tutankamun's tomb

Queen Hatshepsut

Avenue of Ram headed Sphinxes

Ramesseum

memorial temple (or
mortuary temple) of Pharaoh Ramesses
II

Abu Simbel

1. Predynastic (archaic)
2. Early dynastic
3. Old kingdom
4. First intermediate period
5. Middle Kingdom
6. Second intermediate period
7. New Kingdom
8. Late Period
9.Ptolemic period

nine periods of egyptian history

Early dynastic

period from the unification of egypt up to the raising of the first pyramid

old kingdom

great age of pyramids that zoser initiated period

first intermediate period

period of anarchy and chaos

middle kingdom

period when egypt reassumed power

second intermediate period

period when egypt experienced another decline

new kingdom

period when egypt resurrected itself again in a final great era of art and military success

late period

period when egypt experienced a slow decline

ptolemic period

period of the ancient egypt's final era

art, military success

during the new kingdom period, egypt resurrected again in a final great era of _______ and ________

Primitive
hut

Pre-dynastic (Archaic Era) structures

Primitive
hut

model of an
Egyptian hut
made of mud
probably on a
core of
vegetable
stalks or fibre

Primitive
hut

Parts of a mastaba

old kingdom

begins with the 3rd Dynasty and a
king named Zoser
(Djoser)

stepped pyramid at saqqara

6, 204

mastaba evolved into ____ layers and rose to a height of _______ feet. Mastaba to stepped pyramid

1800, 900

Step Pyramid complex is _______ feet by _____ feet

33

Step Pyramid complex is surrounded by a stone wall ______ feet high

Step Pyramid complex

bell-shaped, papyrus flowers

slender half columns

in the stepped pyramid complex courtyard had

________ depictions

of __________ that

formed the first capitals in architecture

1. Meidum Pyramid of Meidum
2. Bent Pyramid of Dahshur
3. Red Pyramid of Dahshur

King Sneferu three major building projects

Meidum Pyramid of Meidum

Also called the "False
pyramid", "Fake Pyramid" or "Collapsed
Pyramid" and was never used as a burial chamber. Should have been built for the last pharaoh of the 3rd dynasty, Huni, but is believed to be usurped by Sneferu

Bent Pyramid of Dahshur

Bent Pyramid of Dahshur

Southern Shining Pyramid or Sneferu's
Shining in the South

limestone

Bent Pyramid of Dahshur casing material

Red Pyramid of Dahshur

Red Pyramid of Dahshur

Also called the North Pyramid Or the Bat Pyramid Or the Shining Pyramid

101.1 m, 54.27 degrees, 43.22 degrees

the bent pyramid has a height of _______ and a lower slope of ______ and upper slope of _______

104 m, 43 degrees

the red pyramid has a height of _______ and a slope of ________

Red Pyramid of Dahshur

King Khufu (Cheops)

The son of Sneferu; builder of the first rightly
proportioned true pyramid at Giza

the god khnum protects me

"Khnum-Khufu" which means

The Great pyramid of Khufu

The Great pyramid of Khufu

largest pyramid ever built. first rightly proportioned pyramid

2.3 million

The Great pyramid of Khufu has about _________ stone blocks

2.5 - 15 tons

each The Great pyramid of Khufu stone block weighs an average of _______ to ________ each

1. underground chamber
2. queen's chamber
3. king's chamber

Three burial chambers of the great pyramid of khufu

queen's chamber

khufu chamber intended to house perhaps a sacred statue
of the king himself

underground chamber

queen's chamber

king's chamber

the great pyramid of khufu entrance

King Djedefre

son and immediate
successor of Khufu

Enduring like Re

meaning of king djedefre's name

Unfinished funerary complex at Abu Ramash

Unfinished funerary complex at Abu Ramash

The Great pyramid of Khafre

Second largest pyramid of Giza

The Great pyramid of Khafre

53.10 degrees

King Khafre's pyramid slope

10 m (33 ft)

King Khafre's pyramid sits on a bedrock ________ higher than khufu's pyramid

King Menkaure

The son and
successor of Khafre

King Menkaure

or mycerinus, built the divine pyramid

King Menkaure's pyramid

The Pyramids of Giza

khufu's pyramid, khafre's pyramid, menkaure's pyramid

The 3 Pyramids of Giza

orion's belt stars

pyramids of giza placement is based on

Ruined pyramid of Userkaf at Saqqara

Sahure

followed Userkaf, continued the development of Egypt as the earliest known naval power in history

The Sun Temple of Niuserre at Abu Ghurab

Egyptian religious beliefs in monumental physical form

All the pyramids that
were built in succeeding
dynasties in the Old
Kingdom embodied _____________

first intermediate period

- Egypt decline at the end of the sixth dynasty
- Breakdown of a central government
- Several pharaohs ruled at the same time
- No massive building project, decline in craftmanship

Montuhotep

pharaoh who Reunified egypt in the 11th Dynasty during first intermediate period

Thebes

center of rule in the first intermediate period

1. most tombs are rock cut temples
2. tombs are built in small temples

Building practices during the first intermediate period

1. colonnaded portico
2. chapel
3. sepulchral recess

three parts of first intermediate period small temples

Beni Hasan

an important archaelogical site, small locality where the rock-cut temples are built

Beni Hasan

1. Mentuhotep's Royal Tomb

Middle Kingdom structures

Mentuhotep's Royal Tomb

Largest of the Middle Kingdom constructions

Mentuhotep's Royal Tomb

second intermediate period

- hyksos ruled lower egypt
- hyksos introduces the use of the chariot and secret of producing bronze
- hostilities between egyptians and hyksos resulted in warfare, hyksos defeated