anatomy

Provides support and frameworks, found on the ends of bones and in the fetal skeleton.

What is the function of hyaline cartilage?

what is a tissue?

a group of cells with specialized structures that perform a specific function

What are reticular fibers?

Very thin collagenous fibers that form a delicate and branched network, acting as a supporting mesh in soft tissues.

What is the role of neuroglial cells?

To support neurons and provide nutrients.

What are glandular epithelia?

Cells specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or body fluids.

What are endocrine glands?

Glands that secrete products directly into tissue fluid or blood

What are exocrine glands?

Glands that secrete products into ducts that open onto surfaces

What is connective tissue?

The most abundant type of tissue by weight, providing support and binding structures.

What are the functions of connective tissUs?

Binds structures, provides support and protection, fills spaces, stores fat, and produces blood cells.

What are the major cell types in connective tissue?

Fixed cells (e.g., fibroblasts, mast cells) and wandering cells (e.g., macrophages).

What are collagenous fibers?

Thick threads of collagen that provide structural support and high tensile strength.

What are elastic fibers?

Thin fibers made of elastin that provide elasticity to tissues

What are the two major categories of connective tissue

Connective tissue, proper and specialized connective tissues

What type of fibers are produced by fibroblast cells?

Connective tissue fibers

What is areolar connective tissue?

A type of connective tissue that forms delicate membranes is widely distributed and bind skin to underlying organs

What is the primary function of adipose tissue?

To store energy in fat molecules and provide insulation and cushioning for organs

What are the two types of adipose tissue?

White fat stores nutrients for energy and brown fat breaks down nutrients to produce heat

What is the role of reticular connective tissue?

Provide a framework for organs such as liver and spleen

What distinguishes dense regular connective tissue?

It has closely packed collagenous fibers, and with stands pulling forces found in tendons and ligaments

What is the main characteristic of elastic connective tissue?

It consists mostly of elastic fibers that allows for stretching found in certain hollow internal organs in between spinal bones

What are the three types of cartilage?

Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage

What is the function of fibrocartilage?

Act as a shock absorber for structures subjected to pressure such as discs between vertebrae

What is the most rigid connective tissue?

Bone

What are osteocytes?

Bone cells located within lacunae

what is the primary function of blood

to transport substances and help maintain homeostasis

what are the three types of muscle tissue?

Skeletal voluntary , smooth involuntary and cardiac involuntary

What characterizes skeletal muscle

it is voluntary striated and typically attach to bones

what is unique about cardiac muscle?

it is involuntary striated and has intercalated discs for connections between cells

What is the role of a neuron?

to coordinate regulate and integrate body functions

what is the difference between loose connective tissue and debts connective tissue?

Loose connective tissue has a more flexible structure while dense connective tissue has closely packed fibers for strength

why does cartilage heal slowly?

Because it lacks a direct blood supply

What is the role of neuroglial cells?

to support neurons and provide nutrients?

What is the function of fibroblasts and tissue repair?

They respond to injury by increasing in number and divisions

What is the significance of the extra cellular, matrix in connective tissues?

it provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells

what are the formed elements in blood?

Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

What are intercellular junctions?

Structures that connect cells in certain tissues, allowing for communication and adhesion

what is a junction

a type of intercellular junction that closes space between the cells by fusing cell membranes

What is a desmosome?

The junction that buy cells by forming spot welds between cell membranes

what are gap junctions?

Junctions that form tubular channels between cells, allowing exchange of substances

What are the four major types of tissue?

Epithelial connective muscle nervous

what is the primary function of epithelial tissue

to protect secret, absorb and excrete

What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Covers body surfaces forms in line, eggs, lacks blood vessels and has a free surface

How is epithelial tissue classified

By the number of layers of cells and cell shape

What is simple squamous epithelium

A single layer of thin flat cells that facilitates diffusion

What is stratified squamous epithelium?

tissue made of many layers of cells providing protection

What is keratinization?

The process where skin cells produce keratin, hardening and dying to form a protective barrier

What is simple columnar epithelium

A single layer of elongated cells that secretes mucus and absorbs nutrients

What is pseudo stratified columnar epithelium?

A single layer of cells that appears stratified often with cilia and goblet cells

What is simple cuboidal epithelium

A single layer of cube shape cells involved in secretion and absorption

What is transitional epithelium?

Specialized tissue that can change shape in response to tension found in the urinary bladder

What is the major protein found in connective tissue

Collagen

What is the fluid metrix of blood called?

Plasma