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Taxonomy is an area of biologic science comprising of 3 distinct but highly interrelated disciplines:
- Classification
- Nomenclature (naming)
- Identification of organisms
• Provides a consistent means to classify, name and identify organisms
Taxonomy
__ was based on genotypic, phenotypic and phylogenetic or evolutionary relationships - analysis of epigenetic and chemotaxonomic methods
Traditional taxonomy
– provides more detailed but very complex analysis of the current classification system using rRNA sequences, whole genome sequences, epigenetic and mass spectrometry (MS).
Polyphasic taxonomy
a method of organizing microorganisms into groups or taxa based on similar morphologic, physiologic and genetic traits
Classification
Hierarchal Classification of System of Microorganism
Domain (domains)
Kingdom (kingdoms)
Phlym (Phyla)
Class (Classes)
Order (Orders)
Family (Families)
Genus (Genera)
Species (Species)
sp. – ;
singular
spp. –
plural
Most basic of the taxonomic groups and can be defined as a collection of _____ that share common physiologic and genetic features and differ notably from other microbial species.
bacterial strains
groups below the subspecies level that share specific but relatively minor characteristics.
biotype, serotype or genotype
Naming of microorganisms according to established rules and guidelines set forth in the ___ or The Prokaryotic Code
International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP)
RULES: • Genus designation - ____ letter is always capitalized
first
RULES: species designation - ___ letter is always lower case
first
– organism’s genetic make up, including the nature organism’s genes and constituent nucleic acids
• Genotypic characteristics –
based on features beyond the genetic level and include both readily observable characteristics and those that may require extensive analytic procedures to be detected.
Phenotypic characteristics