[PL1..2] Microbial Taxonomy

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30 Terms

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Taxonomy is an area of biologic science comprising of 3 distinct but highly interrelated disciplines:

- Classification

- Nomenclature (naming)

- Identification of organisms

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• Provides a consistent means to classify, name and identify organisms

Taxonomy

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__ was based on genotypic, phenotypic and phylogenetic or evolutionary relationships - analysis of epigenetic and chemotaxonomic methods

Traditional taxonomy

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– provides more detailed but very complex analysis of the current classification system using rRNA sequences, whole genome sequences, epigenetic and mass spectrometry (MS).

Polyphasic taxonomy

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a method of organizing microorganisms into groups or taxa based on similar morphologic, physiologic and genetic traits

Classification

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Hierarchal Classification of System of Microorganism

Domain (domains)
Kingdom (kingdoms)

Phlym (Phyla)

Class (Classes)

Order (Orders)

Family (Families)

Genus (Genera)

Species (Species)

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Encompasses a group of organisms that may contain multiple genera and consists of organisms with a common tribute
Family
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Suffix –aceae
Family
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Contains different species that have several important features in common
Genus
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sp. – ;

singular

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spp. –

plural

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Most basic of the taxonomic groups and can be defined as a collection of _____ that share common physiologic and genetic features and differ notably from other microbial species.

bacterial strains

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Differ notably from other microbial species
Species
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groups below the subspecies level that share specific but relatively minor characteristics.

biotype, serotype or genotype

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Genus Klebsiella with 2 distinct species: Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca
Species
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Same species but differ phenotypically
Subspecies
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Same species, same genetic makeup, but different physiologic characteristics
Biotype
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Same species but differ serologically (serovariation)
Serovar
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Same species, but different subtype or genetic variant
Strain
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Naming of microorganisms according to established rules and guidelines set forth in the ___ or The Prokaryotic Code

International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP)

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RULES: • Genus designation - ____ letter is always capitalized

first

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RULES: species designation - ___ letter is always lower case

first

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– organism’s genetic make up, including the nature organism’s genes and constituent nucleic acids

• Genotypic characteristics –

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Determination of guanine and cytosine nucleosides within the total DNA
G+C Content
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Method of choice, especially in the initial identification process
16S rRNA Sequencing Studies
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Gold-standard reference method used to establish relationships between species; important in microbial taxonomy
DNA-DNA Hybridization Studies
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Genotypic method involving detailed comparison of entire DNA content
Whole-Genome-Sequence-Based Methods
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Analysis focused on specific gene sequences that encode proteins
Sequence Analysis of Protein-Encoding genes
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Includes PCR-based methods, pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
Whole-Genome-Sequence-Based Methods
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based on features beyond the genetic level and include both readily observable characteristics and those that may require extensive analytic procedures to be detected.

Phenotypic characteristics