Lab 2 Cyanobacteria & Algae

What group is Closterium in?

Desmid Green Algae

What characteristics does Closterium have?

• Unchanging Cell Shape

• Appearing non-motile or motile

• Very thin with pointy ends

• Slightly crescent-shaped with two equal halves

• The nucleus is in the middle of the cell

• Each half contains one chloroplast

What organism is this?

Closterium

• Unchanging Cell Shape

• Appearing non-motile or motile

• Very thin with pointy ends

• Slightly crescent-shaped with two equal halves

• The nucleus is in the middle of the cell

• Each half contains one chloroplast

What organism has these characteristics?

Closterium

What characteristics are there of Euglena?

• Cells shape changes frequently

• Definitely motile

• Not so thin with rounded ends

• Patch of red pigment (eyespot) near flagellum insertion

What group is euglena in?

Euglenoids

What organism is this?

Euglena

• Cells shape changes frequently

• Definitely motile

• Not so thin with rounded ends

• Patch of red pigment (eyespot) near flagellum insertion

What organism has these characteristics?

Euglena

How do Closterium and Euglena differ?

Closterium has an unchanging cell shape, appears to be non-motile, is very thin with pointy ends, has two equal halves, the nucleus is in the middle, and each half contains one chloroplast.

Euglena has a frequent changing cell shape, definitely motile, not as thin with rounded ends, and a patch of red pigment (eyespot) near flagella insertion.

What characteristics are there of Chlamydomonas?

• Cells ovoid

• Motile

• Small groove on the narrower end of 2 flagella inserts

• Red eyespot typically visible

What group is Chlamydomonas in?

Green Algae

What organism is this?

Chlamydomonas

• Cells ovoid

• Motile

• Small groove on the narrower end of 2 flagella inserts

• Red eyespot typically visible

What organism has these characteristics?

Chlamydomonas

What is the difference between Euglena and Chlamydomonas?

Euglena has a cell shape that frequently change and it has a rounded edge.

Chlamydomonas has an ovoid shape and has two flagellum while Euglena has one flagella.

Both have a red eyespot

What characteristics are there of Chlorella?

• Round Cells

• Not apparently motile (not flagellate)

• No red spots

What group is Chlorella in?

Green Algae

What organism is this?

Chlorella

• Round Cells

• Not apparently motile (not flagellate)

• No red spots

What organism has these characteristics?

Chlorella

How do Chlamydomonas and Chlorella differ?

Chlamydomonas are motile, has an ovoid shape, have flagellum, and have a red eyespot

Chlorella are not apparently motile due to not being a flagellate, a round shape, and no red eyespot.

What characteristics are in Volvox?

• Round colonies

• Some cells are green or golden green

What group is Volvox in?

Green Algae

What organism does this show?

Volvox

• Round colonies

• Some cells are green or golden green

What organism has these characteristics?

Volvox

How do Chlorella and Volvox differ?

Chlorella are free floating unicellular organisms.

Volvox are colonial unicellular organisms.

What characteristics are in Anabaena?

• Filaments with constrictions between cells

• Blue-green color

What group is Anabaena is?

Cyanobacteria

What organism does this show?

Anabaena

• Filaments with constrictions between cells

• Blue-green color

What organism has this?

Anabaena

What characteristics does Oscillatoria have?

• Filaments without constrictions between cells

• Sometimes moving

• Blue-green color

What group is Oscillatoria in?

Cyanobacteria

What organism does this show?

Oscillatoria

• Filaments without constrictions between cells

• Sometimes moving

• Blue-green color

What organism has these characteristics?

Oscillatoria

How do Anabaena and Oscillatoria differ?

Anabaena has constrictions between cells.

Oscillatoria does not have constrictions between cells and it sometimes moves.

What characteristics does Spirogyra have?

• Chloroplast in each cell is not round

• Somewhat coiled

• Multicellular

What group is spirogyra in?

Green Algae

What organism is shown?

Spirogyra

• Chloroplast in each cell is not round

• Somewhat coiled

• Multicellular

What organism has these characteristics?

Spirogyra

What characteristics does Oedogonium have?

• Round chloroplast

• Multicellular

What organism does this show?

Oedogonium

• Round chloroplast

• Multicellular

What organism has these characteristics?

Oedogonium

What group is Oedogonium in?

Green Algae

How do Spirogyra and Oedogonium differ?

Spirogyra has coiled chloroplast while Oedogonium has round chloroplast

What characteristic does Synedra have?

• Light golden brown chloroplast

• Highly transparent glass-like cell walls

• Cells elliptic or oblong

What group is Synedra in?

Diatom

What organism is this?

Synedra

• Light golden brown chloroplast

• Highly transparent glass-like cell walls

• Cells elliptic or oblong

What organism has these characteristics?

Syndera

Cyanobacteria Characteristics

• Prokaryote

• Unicellular

• Plasmid DNA → circular chromosomes

• Binary Fission

Binary Fission?

• 3rd way to divide a cell

• Only for prokaryotes

• cell exists, grows 2x bigger, then divides

What cell types are under unicellular?

• Filamentous

• Colonial

Algae main characteristics

• Eukaryotic

• Photosynthetic

• Kingdom Protista

• Uni and multicellular

• NOT embryophytes

Algae Major Classifications

• Euglenoids

• Dinoflagellates

• Diatoms

• Seaweeds

  • Brown algae

  • Red algae

  • Green algae

Form: Unicellular
Pigment(s): Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b,
Cell Wall: Pellicle
Distinguishing Characteristics: Contractile vacuole, eyespot

Euglenoids characteristics

• Pellicle

• Auto and heterotrophic

• Contractile vacuole

• Eyespot

Pellicle

like a cell wall, thin

Contractile vacuole

collects and expels excess water

Eyespot

• Photoreceptive organelle

• allows to sense light

Form: Unicellular
Pigment(s): Peridinin
Cell Wall: Theca plate
Distinguishing Characteristics: 2 flagella, theca plate

Dinoflagellates characteristics

• Theca plate

• Auto and heterotrophic

What group is this organism apart of and what does it cause?

Dinoflagellates and it causes red tide

Theca plates

• can’t stretch

• segments on cell (normally 4)

• like body armor

Form: Unicellular
Pigment(s): Fucoxanthin
Cell Wall: Frustule
Distinguishing Characteristics: pennate and centric

Diatom Characteristics

• Phytoplanton

• Frustule

• Symmetry:

  • Pennate

  • Centric

• Floats through water because no movement structure

Frustule

• Silica (glass like)

• think of a petri dish

Pennate means ____ and Centric means ____

linear, circular

Seaweed

• Algae not a plant

• Thallus body

• Kinda like a sponge

Thallus body

• Multicellular

• Lacks tissue differentiation (homoegenous) → lacks xylem

Form: Multicellular
Pigment(s): Fucoxanthin
Cell Wall: Cellulose
Distinguishing Characteristics: Blade, stipe, gas bladder

What is brown algae?

Kelp

Form: Multicellular
Pigment(s): Phycobilin
Cell Wall: Cellulose
Distinguishing Characteristics: blade, stipe, gas bladder

Phycobilin

pigment that absorbs blue light → gives a pinkish color to plants when they are brought to surface

Red Algae

• Deep water habitat

• Rigid (calcium)

Form: Multicellular, Unicellular, colonial, and filamentous
Pigment(s): Chlorophyll b
Cell Wall: Cellulose
Distinguishing Characteristics: Transition to true plants

Green Algae classes

1. Chlorophyta

2. Uluvophyta

3. Carophyta