Chapter 13

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18 Terms

1

The size range of most viruses is __________.

20-1000 nm.

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2

Ebola virus is one of the largest viruses, measuring approximately __________ nm.

970 nm.

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3

Viruses are considered __________ intracellular parasites because they need a host cell to reproduce.

obligatory

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4

Viruses contain either __________ or __________ but never both.

DNA; RNA

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5

The __________ range of a virus is determined by specific attachment sites on host cells and cellular factors necessary for viral replication.

host

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6

Nucleic acids in viruses can be either __________ or __________ stranded.

single; double

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7

Capsids are made of __________ which are protein subunits.

capsomeres

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8

The function of the capsid includes protecting nucleic acid from degradation by host __________.

nucleases

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9

Some viruses evade immunity by __________ and changing their capsid proteins.

mutating

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10

The envelope of a virus is composed of __________, proteins, and carbohydrates.

lipids

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11

The family names of viruses end in __________ and genus names end in __________.

-viridae; -virus

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12

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect __________.

bacteria

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13

The __________ growth curve of a virus shows rapid infection, replication, and release.

one-step

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14

During the eclipse period, __________ are present as the virus replicates inside the host.

no complete virions

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15

The process by which viruses like bacteriophages inject their DNA into the host is called __________.

penetration

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16

In the lytic cycle, the host cell is ultimately __________ after the virus releases new virions.

destroyed

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17

Viral DNA can integrate into the host genome during the __________ cycle, leading to a prophage state.

lysogenic

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18

External triggers such as stress or UV light may cause the virus to switch from the lysogenic cycle to the __________ cycle.

lytic

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