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The size range of most viruses is __________.
20-1000 nm.
Ebola virus is one of the largest viruses, measuring approximately __________ nm.
970 nm.
Viruses are considered __________ intracellular parasites because they need a host cell to reproduce.
obligatory
Viruses contain either __________ or __________ but never both.
DNA; RNA
The __________ range of a virus is determined by specific attachment sites on host cells and cellular factors necessary for viral replication.
host
Nucleic acids in viruses can be either __________ or __________ stranded.
single; double
Capsids are made of __________ which are protein subunits.
capsomeres
The function of the capsid includes protecting nucleic acid from degradation by host __________.
nucleases
Some viruses evade immunity by __________ and changing their capsid proteins.
mutating
The envelope of a virus is composed of __________, proteins, and carbohydrates.
lipids
The family names of viruses end in __________ and genus names end in __________.
-viridae; -virus
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect __________.
bacteria
The __________ growth curve of a virus shows rapid infection, replication, and release.
one-step
During the eclipse period, __________ are present as the virus replicates inside the host.
no complete virions
The process by which viruses like bacteriophages inject their DNA into the host is called __________.
penetration
In the lytic cycle, the host cell is ultimately __________ after the virus releases new virions.
destroyed
Viral DNA can integrate into the host genome during the __________ cycle, leading to a prophage state.
lysogenic
External triggers such as stress or UV light may cause the virus to switch from the lysogenic cycle to the __________ cycle.
lytic
