Lesson 1:Climate Change

Earth

a very special planet that orbits around the sun to receive a lot of energy, but far away enough to not be scorched.

Climate Change

a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns that lasts for an extended period of time

Global warming

it is one of the manifestations of climate change. It also refers to the increase of average temperature of the Earth's near surface-air & oceans

Examples of greenhouse gases

• Water vapor (H²O)

• Carbon dioxide (CO³)

• Ozone (O³)

• Methane (CH⁴)

• Nitrous Oxide (N²O)

• chlorofluorocarbons (CFC⁵)

Greenhouse gases

an small amounts of heat gases traps

650,000 years

it has been _ years since when there have been seven cycles of glacial advance & retreat

7,000 years

it is when the abrupt end of ice age occurred which marks the beginning of modern climate era

97% of climate scientist

it refers to the percentage of climate scientists who agree that climate-warming trends over the past century is due to human activities.

Greenhouse gases ||

one of the causes of climate change

Source of greenhouse gases:

• Mining

• wrong practices of agriculture

• illegal logging

• burning of fossil fuels

• deforestation

• cars that emit Carbon Dioxide & Monoxide

• industrial waste.

Greenhouse effect

it refers to the natural trapping of heat phenomena in the troposphere

troposphere

a layer of atmosphere on which it is where the greenhouse effect occurs

Svante Arrhenius 1896

a Swedish chemist that first proposed the concept of greenhouse effect

-18°C

it is the predicted planet Earth's temperature if greenhouse effects don't exist. It will basically turn Earth into a cold & lifeless planet.

Carbon Dioxide

it is responsible for 50-60% of the global warming from greenhouse gases produced by humans since pre-industry. It is also the main driver of the greenhouse effect.

Coal, Oil, & natural gas

it refers to the burning fossil fuels which are the main source of greenhouse gases, rationally about 75%

Clearing & Burning

it is the 25% of greenhouse gases

Chloroflourocarbon

it contributes to global warming in the troposphere & depletes the ozone in the stratosphere. Its main sources are leaking air conditioner & refrigerators

Methane

it is produced when anaerobic bacteria breakdown organic matter in most places that lack oxygen

anaerobic bacteria

it is the one that breaks down organic matter and also responsible for the production of methane

Nitrous Oxide

it can trap heat in the troposphere & also deplete ozone in the stratosphere. This compound is commonly found in nylon production, burning of biomass & nitrogen fertilizers in soil.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

According to this organisation, the Earth's mean surface temperature will rise from 1-3.5°C between 1990 and 2100.

Northern Hemisphere

a hemisphere that is expected to warm more & faster than the Southern Hemisphere

Possible effects of a warmer global climate:

• Changes in food production; water supplies

• water in the oceans would expand & lead to rising of sea levels

• Change in make-up and location of many world's forests

• can cause massive wildfires

• Drought

How to lower down the possible effects of global warming?

• plant & tend trees;green your community

• shift to renewable energy sources

• use sustainable agriculture

• slow population growth

• reduce deforestation

• get involved - cut fossil fuels use in half

Rio de Janeiro

it is where the 1992 Earth summit happened

1992

it is the year when the Earth summit on Rio de Janeiro happens

106 nations

it refers to how many nations approved the "Convention on climate change"

"Convention on climate change"

it is what developed countries committed to reduce the emission of CO² & other greenhouse gases. It is also what the 106 nations approved on the Earth summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.

December 1997

it is the month and year when the representatives of 160 nations met in kyoto, Japan to negotiate a new treaty to stop global warming.

160 nations

it refers to many nations that participate in the new treaty negotiation which occurred in Kyoto, Japan in December 1997.

Kyoto, Japan

it is where the negotiation of 160 nations about the new treaty in December 1997 happened

Greenland and Antarctic Ice sheets

it refers to the two massive chunks of ice sheets on Earth which have decreased in mass

Greenland

it lost 150 to 250 cubic km of ice per year between 2002 & 2006.

150 to 250 cubic km of ice

it refers to how many Greenland losses of ice per year between 2002 - 2006.

Antarctica

it lost about 152 cubic km of ice between 2002 & 2005.

152 cubic km of ice

it refers to Antarctica losses of ice per year between 2002 & 2005

Extreme events

the number of extreme temperature events has been increasing since 1950

1950

it is the year since the increasing records of extreme temperature events was recorded

U.S

They have also witnessed an increasing number of intense rainfall events

Philippines

it is where intense typhoons occur which could kill people & destroy agriculture & environment land.