FROMM - HUMANISTIC PSYCHOANALYSIS

#fyp

human dilemma

humans, unlike other animals, have been “torn away” from their prehistoric union with nature. They have no powerful instincts to adapt to a changing world; instead, they have acquired the facility to reason—a condition Fromm called the ________

Human/existential needs

emerged during the evolution of human culture, growing out of their attempts to find an answer to their existence and to avoid becoming insane

relatedness

drives people to unite with another person through submission, power, or love

submission, power, and love

3 basic ways a person may relate to the world

love

the only route by which a person can become united with the world and, at the same time, achieve individuality and integrity

Transcendence

the need for people to rise above their passive existence and create or destroy life

malignant aggression

to kill for reasons other than survival

Rootedness

need to establish roots or to feel at home again in the world/the need for a consistent structure in people’s lives

fixation

a tenacious reluctance to move beyond the protective security provided by one’s mother

sense of identity

the capacity to be aware of ourselves as a separate entity/gives a person a feeling of “I” or “me.”

frame of orientation

humans need a road map to make their way through the world; enables people to organize the various stimuli that impinge on them/a consistent way of looking at the world

“object of devotion”

A road map without a goal or destination is worthless. Humans have the mental capacity to imagine many alternative paths to follow. To keep from going insane, however, they need a final goal or ________

love

relatedness can be satisfied through submission, domination, or love, but only ____ produces authentic fulfillment

creativeness

transcendence can be satisfied by either destructiveness or creativeness, but only _____ permits joy

fixation to the mother

rootedness can be satisfied either by _______ or by moving forward into full birth and wholeness

individuality

sense of identity can be based on adjustment to the group, or it can be satisfied through creative movement toward ______

rational

frame of orientation may be either irrational or rational, but only a ______ philosophy can serve as a basis for the growth of total personality

basic anxiety

The burden of freedom results in _______, the feeling of being alone in the world

Mechanisms of Escape

Because basic anxiety produces a frightening sense of isolation and aloneness, people attempt to flee from freedom through

authoritarianism

“the tendency to give up the independence of one’s own individual self and to fuse one’s self with someone or something outside oneself, in order to acquire the strength which the individual is lacking”

masochism

results from basic feelings of powerless ness, weakness, and inferiority and is aimed at joining the self to a more powerful person or institution

Masochism

often are disguised as love or loyalty, but unlike love and loyalty, they can never contribute positively to independence and authenticity

sadism

A neurotic tendency to relieve anxiety by seeking unity through dominating others—gaining power over the weak, exploiting others for personal gain or pleasure, and desiring to see others suffer physically or psychologically.

destructiveness

Like authoritarianism, ______ is rooted in the feelings of aloneness, isolation, and powerlessness. But unlike sadism and masochism, however, it does not depend on a continuous relationship with another person; rather, it seeks to do away with other people.

Conform

People who _____ try to escape from a sense of aloneness and isolation by giving up their individuality and becoming what ever other people desire them to be

self-realization

People can break this cycle of conformity and powerlessness only by achieving _______ or positive freedom

Positive Freedom

Freedom that does not lead to the bondage to isolation and powerlessness and is achieved by by a spontaneous and full expression of both their rational and their emotional potentialities

love and work

twin components of positive freedom

character orientation

a person’s relatively permanent way of relating to people and things

Personality

the totality of inherited and acquired psychic qualities which are characteristic of one individual and which make the individual unique

character

the most important acquired quality of personality which is defined as the relatively permanent system of all noninstinctual strivings through which man relates himself to the human and natural world

Character

substitute for instincts

receptive

______ characters feel that the source of all good lies outside themselves and that the only way they can relate to the world is to receive things, including love, knowledge, and material possessions

Exploitative

Believe that all the source of all good is outside of themselves but aggressively take what they desire

Hoarding

Rather than valuing things outside themselves, these characters seek to save that which they have already obtained, hold everything inside, and do not let go of anything

Marketing

these characters see themselves as commodities, with their personal value dependent on their exchange value, that is, their ability to sell themselves

biophilia

a passionate love of life and all that is alive

Productive Orientation

a healthy character type defined by (productive) creative work, productive love and self-love, and (productive) realistic thinking that respects individuality and the world as it is. It allows people to connect meaningfully with others and the world while maintaining their own unique identity.

productive work, love, and thinking

Three dimensions of productive orientation

Necrophilia

love of death and usually refers to a sexual perversion in which a person desires sexual contact with a corpse

attraction to death

Fromm (1964, 1973) used necrophilia in a more generalized sense to denote any

malignant narcissism

impedes the perception of reality so that everything belonging to a narcissistic person is highly valued and everything belonging to another is devalued

hypochondriasis

obsessive attention to one’s health

moral hypochondriasis

preoccupation with guilt about previous transgressions

Incestuous Symbiosis

an extreme dependence on the mother or mother surrogate

syndrome of decay

individuals that possess all three personality disorders (necrophilia, malignant narcissism, and incestuous symbiosis) form what Fromm call the _________

syndrome of growth

individuals that possess opposite qualities from that of syndrome of decay (biophilia, love, and positive freedom)

humanistic psychoanalysis

Fromm’s system of therapy

hitler

Fromm regarded this person as the world’s most conspicuous example of a person with the syndrome of decay