Chp 3: Perception and the Self

Image management

________- process of managing many selves across contexts and relationships.

Cognition

________: Self- concept, self- esteem, self- efficacy.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

________- living up to predictions we or others place on ourselves.

Self-concepts

________- image of who we are.

situational factors

Understanding ________ when making attributions about behaviors of ourselves and others and overestimating interpersonal factors.

High-self monitors

________- high awareness of how others might perceive us and our messages.

Face threats

________- behaviors that threaten identity.

Perception

The process of giving meaning to the things we notice in the world around us

Selection

the act of choosing to attend to, consciously or subconsciously, specific stimuli in the environment

Organization

the categorization of stimuli we select to pay attention to

Interpretation

Provide meaning to the stimuli

Schemas

mental frameworks for organizing information about experiences

Expectancy violations theory

theory that we hold expectations for what is appropriate and/or typical for a type of person

Situational attribution

the assumption that another person is doing something because of factors in the environment or the situation they are in

Interpersonal attribution

the assumption that another person is doing something because of his or her character or disposition

Fundamental Attribution Error

the tendency to overestimate the influence of internal characteristics and underestimate the influence of situational factors when evaluating someone else's behavior

Physiological state

temporary condition of the body

Physiological traits

permanent enduring physical conditions that impact us throughout our lives

Stereotyping

generalizations about groups of people that are applied to individuals we believe are members of that group

Primary effect

people are prone to emphasizing the first impression of something over any subsequent impressions when forming their perception of an event or person

Recency effect

people are prone to using their most recent experience with someone as their overriding impression of the person

Positivity bias

the tendency to highlight and overemphasize positive information and characteristics when creating an impression

Negativity bias

the tendency to focus our efforts on picking out negative information or qualities in a person or situation

Egocentric

people who are completely focused on themselves and ignorant of the needs of others

Johari Window

a four-quadrant model describing the different aspects of our self-concept based on what we and others know about ourselves