Motor Learning and Coaching

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from notes on transfer of learning, analysis models, teaching methods, leadership styles, and coaching tools.

Transfer of learning

The influence of prior experience on learning or performing a new skill; the effect can be positive, negative, or zero.

Positive transfer

A skill learned in one context enhances performance of a skill in another context or sport.

Negative transfer

A skill learned in one context hinders performance of a skill in another context.

Zero transfer

A skill in one sport has no impact on learning or performing a skill in another sport.

Physical skill

Motor skills that involve physical actions and techniques common to two activities.

Cognitive skill

The type of cognitive processing required; transfer depends on similar cognitive demands.

Skill to skill transfer

Transfer of skills from one sport to another due to similar motor patterns.

Theory to practice transfer

Transfer of theoretical knowledge into practical performance.

Training to competition transfer

Transfer of skills learned in training to competitive performance.

Knudson and Morrison model

A coaching/skill analysis framework using Preparation, Observation, Evaluation, Intervention, and Re-observation.

Preparation (Knudson-Morrison)

Gathering knowledge and prerequisites about the skill.

Observation (Knudson-Morrison)

Systematically collecting information about the performance.

Evaluation (Knudson-Morrison)

Identifying strengths/weaknesses and possible ways to improve.

Intervention (Knudson-Morrison)

Providing feedback or changing practice conditions to enhance performance.

Re-observation (Knudson-Morrison)

Repeating observation to assess impact of changes.

Contexts of analysis

Laboratory analysis, Field analysis, and Competition analysis.

Laboratory analysis

Analysis conducted under controlled laboratory conditions.

Field analysis

Analysis conducted during training in normal surroundings.

Competition analysis

Analysis conducted during actual competition.

Quantitative analysis

Analysis based on numerical data; objective.

Qualitative analysis

Descriptive, subjective analysis of movement; relies on observation.

Knudsen–Morrison model

Alternate spelling for the Knudson-Morrison model; emphasizes Preparation, Observation, Evaluation, Intervention, Re-observation.

Static to dynamic

Progression from simple, fixed drills to multi-skill, game-like scenarios.

Shaping

Teaching a skill by developing it in its entirety and reinforcing correctly demonstrated components.

Chaining

Breaking a skill into components and teaching sequentially, then combining them.

Forward chaining

Components rehearsed in the order of the action.

Backward chaining

Components rehearsed not in the order of the action; order is reversed.

4-step teaching process

Introduce the skill, demonstrate, practice, correct errors/ provide feedback.

Task complexity

Degree of difficulty of a task.

Task organization

Degree of structure or organization in a task.

High complexity, low organization

Use chaining to teach; tasks are difficult but poorly organized.

High organization, low complexity

Use shaping to teach; tasks are well organized but simpler.

Video analysis

Visual feedback using video; can slow movement to detailed frames for analysis.

Checklists

Written feedback based on predetermined criteria to assess performance.

Peer/mentor/coach feedback

Feedback from others in the athlete’s circle to guide improvement.

Questionnaires

Tools to gather information about players, leaders, and coaching staff.

Democratic leadership

Coach involves players in decision-making; emphasizes open communication and flexibility.

Authoritarian (autocratic) leadership

Coach makes all decisions; strict control; effective when safety and quick direction are needed.

Laissez-faire (casual) leadership

Coach provides little guidance; players take ownership; relaxed environment.

Leadership style suitability

Choosing a leadership style based on athlete needs, motivation, season phase, and context.