Health and Movement Science (Chapters 3-11)

Meaning of Health

Different meaning to different people (age, gender, culture, experience)

Pre-WWII Health

Absence of illness/disease (narrow, physical only)

WHO 1948 meaning of Health

Complete physical, mental & social wellbeing, not merely absence of disease (holistic but unrealistic - needs “complete” wellbeing)

WHO 1986 meaning of Health

A resource everyday life, emphasises personal/social resources + physical capacity (more achievable, individual-based)

Health = ???

Dynamic

What are the 5 Dimensions of Health

Physical, Social, Emotional, Mental, Spiritual

Body function/capacity; affected by injury, illness, disability

Physical Health

Social Health

relationships, connection, belonging

Emotional Health

how we think/feel/cope;resilience;linked to self-esteem

Mental Health

WHO - coping, realising abilities, learning/working, contributing (not just “absence of problems“)

Spiritual Health

sense of purpose/meaning,connection to culture, religion, community

What is the Health Continuum

poor → fair → good → very good → excellent (subjective)

WHat are examples of ways health can change across life stages

Childhood (genetics + parenting) → adolescence (independence + own choice) → adulthood ( balancing responsibilities) → old age (redefine “good health“)

Epidemiology

Study of disease patterns, causes and effects in populations

Prevalence

Total cases at a point in time

Incidence

New cases in a period

Spread/extent in population

Distribution

What are the limitations of Epidemiology

Doesn’t show subgroup differences, poor on quality of life, incomplete data, doesn’t explain WHY inequities exist.

Mortality

Deaths in population/time period

Infant mortality rate

Deaths under 1yr per 1000 live births

Morbidity

Ill health/sickness in population

PEAR

Participation, Equity, Access, Rights

Involved in decisions

Participation

fairness, resources allocated by need

Equity

services available to all

Access

Rights

Protecting civil/political/social rights

Determinants of Heath

Broad features of society, Environmental, Socioeconomic, Health behaviours, Biomedical

Broad features of society

Culture, affluence, social cohesion, social inclusion, political structures, media, language

Environmental factors

Geographic location, air/water quality, safe workplaces, community safety, access to physical resources. Rural/remote = lower life expectancy, higher illness/injury/risk behaviours. Cities = worse air quality. Remote = more travel danger, harsher conditions, isolation.

Socioeconomic factors

SES, education, emplaoyment, cultural background, disability, social networks, attitudes, media

Health behaviours

Protective factors: non-smoker, balanced diet, responsible alcohol use, regular activity, correct medication use

Biomedical factors

Genetics, blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol, physical impairment

Examples of how family can influence

Family is still valued by young people, close/supportive family = protective factor, negative influence such as history of family abuse = risk factor for domestic violence

Example of positive and negative influence

Supporting no smoking/drug use; risk-taking

What is Diversity

Differences within a group (age, sex, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, ability, cultrue, religion)

Two positive examples of the influence of technology

Gives young people vastly more information access and global communication (more than past generations); new jobs; unlimited online access

Two negative examples of the influence of technology

Gaming addiction; unrestricted/uncensored content; reduced face-to-face connection; cyberbullying; prevents education, social skills; depression and anxiety, stress; mental health

What is an example of how the 5 determinants of health interrelate

remote location (environmental) → reduced healthcare access (socioeconomic)

What are 5 biomedical factors

Genetics, blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol, physical impairment

What are 5 socioeconomic factors

SES, education, employment, cultural background, disability, social networks, attitudes, cultural traditionz, media

What are some environmental factors

Geographic location, air/water quality, safe workplaces, community safety, access to physical resources

Rural/remote young people = poofer health outcomes that urban peers

What is a barriers of the environmental determinant of health?

geographic spread, low population density, limited infrastructure, higher cost of rural/remote healthcare delivery

Physical distance from support networks → poorer mental health

What are some exa

Culture, affluence, social cohesion, social inclusion, political structures, media, language