Spatial Planning Theories and Models

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering urban and regional spatial planning models, central place theory, industrial location theory, agricultural location theory, core-periphery models, and urban bias theory.

The Concentric Zone Model of urban structure was developed by urban sociologist __________.

Ernest W. Burgess

In Ernest W. Burgess's Concentric Zone Model, Zone 2 is known as the zone of __________.

transition

The Sector Model of urban land use was presented by economist __________.

Homer Hoyt

According to Homer Hoyt's Sector Model, land use districts extend outward from the CBD like __________.

wedges or sectors

The Multiple-Nuclei Model was proposed by urban geographers Chauncy D. Harris and __________.

Edward L. Ullman

Under the Multiple-Nuclei Model, the profitability of __________ explains why certain activities cluster together.

agglomeration

The Urban Realms Model was developed by James E. Vance Jr. in the 1960s based on the __________ Bay area.

San Francisco

The model showing the urban structure of a city's Central Business District, featuring an inner core and outer frame, is the __________ Model.

Core Frame

Peirce F. Lewis described the Galactic Metropolis as having a __________ shape due to low density in the center and activity along ring roads.

Doughnut

The Hybrid Model proposed in 1955 by __________ combines concentric, sector, and zonal models.

Walter Isard

The Inverse Concentric pattern, mostly observed in LDCs, features elite residents living in __________ areas.

central

The Asian model of urban land use patterns in South and Southeast Asian cities was developed by __________.

Terry G. McGee

In the Latin American model, the main boulevard extending outward from the city center surrounded by upper-middle-class housing is called the __________.

spine

Central Place Theory was introduced in 1933 by German geographer __________.

Walter Christaller

In Central Place Theory, the minimum population necessary to support a service activity is known as the __________ population.

Threshold

In Central Place Theory, the market range of a service activity represents the __________ people are willing to travel to reach the service.

distance

Under Central Place Theory, the Marketing Principle corresponds to a $k$-value of $k =$ __________.

$$3$$

Under Central Place Theory, the Transport Principle corresponds to a $k$-value of $k =$ __________.

$$4$$

Under Central Place Theory, the Administrative Principle corresponds to a $k$-value of $k =$ __________.

$$7$$

The Scalogram as a measure of centrality was created by American mathematician and sociologist __________.

Louis Guttman

The Rank-Size Rule in urban hierarchy was introduced by American linguist and philologist __________.

George Kingsley Zipf

According to Mark Jefferson, a __________ City has a population more than twice that of the next largest city.

Primate

French economist Francois Perroux introduced the concept of growth poles or __________ in 1955.

poles de croissance

The dominant economic unit in Growth Pole Theory that induces growth in other units when it innovates is called a __________ firm.

propulsive

French economist __________ transformed 'Growth Pole' into 'Growth Center' as a specific place within a geographic space.

Jacques R. Boudeville

The Least Cost Theory of industrial location was developed by German economist __________.

Alfred Weber

According to Alfred Weber, raw materials that lose weight after processing are classified as __________ raw materials.

Gross

In Weber's locational theory, an __________ is defined as a line joining points of equal transport cost for a single commodity.

isotim

In Weber's locational theory, an __________ is defined as a line joining points of equal total transport cost.

isodapane

In Weber's industrial location model, the isoline where increased transport costs are exactly offset by savings from cheaper labour is called the __________ Isodapane.

Critical

The agricultural land use model in The Isolated State (1826) was created by J.H. Von __________.

Thünen

In J.H. Von Thünen's model, the formula for land rent is $R =$ __________.

$$Y(p-c)-Yfm$$

In Von Thünen's agricultural land use model, Ring 1 closest to the city centre is dedicated to market gardening and __________ production.

milk

Raul Prebisch published his manifesto on the Core-Periphery model in the year __________.

$$1950$$

The Core-Periphery Model of Regional Development in 1966 was proposed by John __________.

Friedmann

Immanuel Wallerstein proposed the Core-Periphery Hierarchy within __________ Systems Theory in 1974.

World

The Urban Bias Theory, which states that poverty in LDCs is concentrated in the countryside due to economic policy, was introduced by Michael __________.

Lipton

In stages of urban growth, the stage where the local economy replaces imports with local products and services is called the Stage of Economic __________.

Maturation