Lecture 26: Avian GI

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21 Terms

1
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Lips, Teeth

The mouths of birds lack blank and blank

2
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Beak

The shape of the blank in the bird is highly variable among species

dependent on what they eat

3
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Choana

cleft on median plane of palate

normal in birds, abnormal in humans

3

<p>cleft on median plane of palate</p><p>normal in birds, abnormal in humans</p><p>3</p>
4
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palate

instead of differentiated soft and hard palates, birds have a singular blank

5
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Oropharynx

combined space from beak to esophagus

lined with caudally pointing papillae that encourage food to esoph.

6
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Papillae

aquatic spec. have blank on their tongues to help sift food out of water when trying to eat

<p>aquatic spec. have <strong>blank </strong>on their tongues to help sift food out of water when trying to eat</p>
7
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Tongue

collect, manipulate, swallow food

more or less active depending on species

birds have poor sense of taste

8
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Deglutition

To complete this process, most birds tilt their heads back and rely on gravity

9
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Esophagus

mostly on the right side of the body

can be very distended

if no crop present, food can span throughout this struct. w/o threat of choking

7

<p>mostly on the right side of the body</p><p>can be very distended</p><p>if no crop present, food can span throughout this struct. w/o threat of choking</p><p>7</p>
10
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Crop

8

enlarged area of esoph.

stores food for short periods of time until stomach can receive it

<p>8</p><p>enlarged area of esoph.</p><p>stores food for short periods of time until stomach can receive it</p>
11
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Stomach

complexity depends on diet (herbs, more complex)

2 parts: proventriculus and ventriculus

12
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proventriculus

glandular region of stomach

elongated

secretes acid and mucus (to protect walls from acid)

purple arrow

<p>glandular region of stomach</p><p>elongated</p><p>secretes acid and mucus (to protect walls from acid)</p><p>purple arrow</p>
13
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ventriculus

aka the gizzard

blue arrow

“lens-shaped”

most of organ is muscle that inserts on 2 tendinous centers, 1 on each side

func: mech. breakdown

cran. and caudal blind sac, which enlarge interior surface

<p>aka the <strong>gizzard</strong></p><p>blue arrow</p><p>“lens-shaped”</p><p>most of organ is muscle that inserts on 2 tendinous centers, 1 on each side</p><p>func: mech. breakdown </p><p>cran. and caudal blind sac, which enlarge interior surface</p>
14
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grit

material in gizzard used for mech. breakdown

shells, sand, and rock, etc

15
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duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Small intestine sections

3, 5, 7

<p>Small intestine sections</p><p>3, 5, 7</p>
16
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Ceca

paired structures that run along much of length of ileum

offshoots of large intest.

9

<p>paired structures that run along much of length of ileum</p><p>offshoots of large intest.</p><p>9</p>
17
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Colorectum

11

main func: water resorption

urine can be moved from cloaca back into here for water and electrolyte resorption

<p>11</p><p>main func: water resorption</p><p>urine can be moved from cloaca back into here for water and electrolyte resorption</p>
18
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Cloaca

common end to repro., digestive, and urinary tracts

opens at vent

19
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Coprodeum

part of cloaca

10

where feces are stored, most prox. segment

<p>part of cloaca</p><p>10</p><p>where feces are stored, most prox. segment</p>
20
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Urodeum

part of cloaca

11

where urinary tract opens

<p>part of cloaca</p><p>11</p><p>where urinary tract opens</p>
21
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Proctodeum

part of cloaca

12

most dist. segment

<p>part of cloaca</p><p>12</p><p>most dist. segment</p>