The Body as a Whole, Cells, and Genes

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the anatomy and physiology of the body, cells, and genetics.

What are the primary components that make up the body?

The body is composed of organs, tissues, cells, organelles, molecules, and atoms.

What is a zygote?

A single, fertilized cell.

What does cytology study?

The study of the cell.

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

The nucleus is the largest organelle of the cell.

What is the process called that cells use to replicate?

Cells replicate through a process called mitosis.

What are the four major ligaments of the knee joint?

1. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). 2. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). 3. Medial collateral ligament (MCL). 4. Lateral collateral ligament (LCL).

What are the four major tissue groups?

Connective, Epithelial, Muscle, and Nervous.

Define homeostasis.

Homeostasis is the coordinated response of all organs to maintain the internal physiologic stability of an organism.

What are the major organs of the integumentary system?

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

Explain the term 'gene therapy'.

Gene therapy is the application of genetics to medical care, aiming to treat or prevent diseases by altering genes.

What are the major organs in the digestive system?

Mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and small and large intestines.

What is the anatomical position?

The anatomical position is when the body is standing erect with feet flat on the floor, face and eyes facing forward, and arms at the sides with palms facing forward.

List the five major body cavities.

Cranial cavity, spinal cavity, thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavity.

What does the term 'proximal' refer to?

Proximal refers to being nearer to the center of the body.

What are chromosomes made of?

Chromosomes are made of condensed chromatin plus histone proteins.

What is the basic function of cells?

Cells manufacture proteins and lipids, produce and use energy, communicate with other cells, replicate DNA, and reproduce themselves.