In eukaryotes a series of_________ residues are added to the 3' end of an RNA molecule as part of the posttranscriptional processing used to produce functional mRNA. guanine adenine cytosine uracil

adenine

It is difficult to fully analyze the evolutionary relationships between extant and extinct seed plants because:

1. A) many of the extinct groups are hypothetical and there is no evidence of them.

2. B) from groups known only from fossils, no DNA evidence is available for comparison with living groups.

3. C) the fossils provide no structural information about early groups of seed plants.

4. D) older classifications are often incorrect.

2. B) from groups known only from fossils, no DNA evidence is available for comparison with living groups.

Fossil material of progymnosperms, a now extinct group, never contains:

1. A) megaphylls.

2. B) two kinds of spores.

3. C) seeds.

4. D) secondary xylem and phloem.

5. E) cork cambia.

3. C) seeds.

Place the following the order, from left to right, in which they evolved: I. Seeds II. Trimerophytes III. Vascular cambium

1. A) I, II, III

2. B) III, II, I

3. C) II, III, I

4. D) III, I, II

5. E) I, III, II

3. C) II, III, I

Seed fern wood was softer than progymnosperm wood because of all the following except:

1. A) its rays were not uniseriate.

2. B) its tracheids were longer and wider than progymnosperm tracheids.

3. C) it contained a lot of axial parenchyma.

4. D) it was manoxylic.

3. C) it contained a lot of axial parenchyma.

A common ornamental shrub is yew (Taxus), belonging to the order Taxales. The principal way this order differs from the Coniferales is the:

1. A) absence of secondary growth.

2. B) structure of the leaves.

3. C) lack of seed cones.

4. D) xylem structure.

5. E) megaspore retention.

3. C) lack of seed cones.

The accompanying diagram shows the parts of a conifer cone. Which of the following correctly pairs the name of the structure with the letter labeling it?

1. A) X-bract

2. B) Y-seed

3. C) Y-ovuliferous scale

4. D) Z-bract

5. E) W-ovuliferous scale

5. E) W-ovuliferous scale

The ovuliferous scale of a conifer is homologous to a:

1. A) branching system.

2. B) leaf.

3. C) bract.

4. D) leaf bud.

5. E) leaf and bract

1. A) branching system.

Most support in cycads is provided by:

1. A) collenchyma.

2. B) pycnoxylic wood.

3. C) manoxylic wood.

4. D) turgor pressure in the abundant parenchyma.

5. E) persistent leaf bases.

5. E) persistent leaf bases.

The ancestors of the ginkgos were one of the:

1. A) Taxales.

2. B) Coniferales.

3. C) Pteridospermophyta.

4. D) Gnetophyta.

5. E) The origin is completely unknown.

3. C) Pteridospermophyta.

You have just discovered a new living plant and upon examination it has the following characteristics: secondary growth, simple leaves, compound seed cones, and compound pollen cones. This plant should be classified in the division:

1. A) Cycadophyta.

2. B) Gnetophyta.

3. C) Pteridospermophyta.

4. D) Ginkgophyta.

5. E) Coniferophyta.

2. B) Gnetophyta.

Seed plants are grouped under spermatophytes.

1. (T) True

2. (F) False

1. (T) True

Progymnosperms were not capable of producing true wood and therefore their diameters were limited to a maximum of 10 cm.

1. (T) True

2. (F) False

2. (F) False

Adaptations of pine needles suggest that pines may have evolved in a habitat short of water all or part of the year.

1. (T) True

2. (F) False

1. (T) True

The stem of a cycad contains a protostele.

1. (T) True

2. (F) False

2. (F) False

Cycadeoids are commonly used as ornamentals in states such as Florida.

1. (T) True

2. (F) False

2. (T) True

Cycads and their relative produce small amounts of _____________________ wood, which is soft and spongy.

manoxylic

The integument of Chauleria possessed a _____________________ that permitted sperm cells to swim to the egg.

micropyle

The _____________________ of cycads are not fused structures as are the ovuliferous scales of conifers; instead they are simple and often resemble a foliage leaf.

megasporophylls

Pollen cones are _____________________ with a single short unbranched axis that bears microsporophylls.

simple cones

n planted landscapes such as parks, microsporangiate Ginkgo trees are preferred over the megasporangiate ones as their seeds produce the putrid-smelling _____________________.

butyric acid