States of Matter

Gas

Has no fixed volume or shape, uniformly fills its container, can be compressed to occupy a small volume or expand

Liquid

Has volume, separate from it’s container, assumes shape of a container, not easily compressed

Solid

Has both a definite shape and volume and not easily compressed

Pure Substance

Matter that has distinct properties and composition that doesn’t vary from sample to sample (ex. water’s boiling point is always the same).

Elements

Substances that can’t be decomposed into simpler substances and are composed of one atom.

Compounds

Substances made of 2+ elements/atoms, bonded chemically (ionic, covalent, metallic bonds) (ex. H₂O)

Mixtures

A random blend of 2+ substances, no unique properties, can be physically separated

Homogenous Mixtures

Everything mixed evenly

Heterogenous Mixtures

2+ things, physically separated (oil and water)

Sublimation

Solid turns to gas

Deposition

Gas turns to solid

Filtration

Using a screen or sifter (ex. strainer keeping the noodles in and letting the water out)

Distillation

Boiling and catching the steam (ex. purifying ocean water into drinking water)

Chromatography

A mixture travels across a surface (like paper). Some parts move fast, while others get sticky and lag behind, separating them (ex. Water spilling on a permanent marker and watching the ink bleed into separate colors)

Precipitate

Solid formed during a chemical reaction, usually when mixing two clear liquids.

Molecules

A group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Atom

Basic building block of all ordinary matter in the universe

Physical Properties

Can be observed/measured w/o changing identity/makeup (ex. color, hardness, melting point, boiling point)

Chemical Properties

Describe the way a substance may change or react to form other substances (ex. flammability)

Intensive Properties

Don’t depend on the amount of sample being examined, can be used to identify substances

Extensive Properties

Depend on the amount sample (ex. size/mass and volume)

Physical Changes

A physical change alters the state or appearance of a material without changing its internal chemical composition (ex. melting ice)

Magnetism

Mixture of solids containing ferrous metal

Sedimentation

Mixture of solids with different densities

Immiscible Liquids

Liquid's that do not mix

Miscible Liquids

Liquids that do mix