Forces

What is force?

is a push or a pull that can cause an object to change its motion (speed or direction).

What is the units used to calculate force? (International System of Units)

Newton (N)

What is motion?

refers to the change in an object's position over time.

Displacement:

The straight-line distance between the starting and ending points (with direction).

Distance:

The total path length traveled by an object.

Speed:

How fast an object is moving (without direction). Is a scalar quantity, meaning it has magnitude but no direction. Formula: Speed= Distance/ Time

Formula for Distance:

D= Speed * Time

Formula for Time:

T= Distance * Speed

Velocity:

Speed in a specific direction. V=D/T is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.

Acceleration:

The rate of change of velocity. Acceleration = change of velocity ÷ time taken.

Mechanics

is the branch of physics that deals with the motion of objects and the forces acting on them.

Write the two type of forces

Contact and Non-contact Forces

Give me the five(5) types of contact forces

Friction (f), Normal Force (N), Tension (T), Air Resistance (Fair) and Applied Force (Fapp)

Friction (f)

opposes motion between two surfaces

Normal Force (N)

support force from a surface, acts perpendicular to the surface

Tension (T)

force through a string, rope, or cable

Air Resistance (Fair)

frictional force acting on objects moving through air

Applied Force(Fapp)

any force applied by a person or object

Write the three(3) types of non-contact forces

Gravitational Force (Fg or W), Electrostatic Force, and Magnetic Force

Gravitational Force (Fg or W)

attraction between masses Near Earth’s surface: Fg = mg

Electrostatic Force

between charged particles

Magnetic Force

between magnets or magnetic materials

Who is the man that discovered gravity and the proponent of Laws of Motion?

Isaac Newton

What are the 3 laws of motion?

Law of Inertia, Law of Force, Mass, and Acceleration, Law of Action and Reaction.

What does First Law: Law of Inertia states about gravity?

an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion at constant velocity unless acted upon by a net external force. If no forces are acting on an object (like friction or gravity), it will either stay still or move with a constant velocity.

Second Law (Force, Mass, and Acceleration) states that?

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. This law shows how force and mass affect acceleration. The bigger the force, the greater the acceleration; the larger the mass, the smaller the acceleration for the same force. Example: If you push a sled and a car with the same force, the sled will accelerate much more than the car because it has less mass. Force= mass*acceleration

Third Law of Motion (Action and Reaction) states that?

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. If you apply a force on an object, that object applies the same force back on you, but in the opposite direction. Example: When you push a wall, the wall pushes back with the same amount of force in the opposite direction.

Net Force (ΣF)

Sum of all forces acting on an object. If ΣF = 0: object is in equilibrium (no acceleration)

What is Equilibrium?

a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.

Types of Equilibrium

Static equilibrium, Dynamic equilibrium

Static equilibrium

object at rest

Dynamic equilibrium

object moving at constant velocity

Circular Motion

When object moves in a circle: constant speed, changing direction → acceleration Acceleration toward center: centripetal acceleration

ac=v2/r

Centripetal Force:

Fc=m v2/r. Comes from real forces: tension, gravity, friction, etc.

yukichi

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