[RAP0 21LAB] PRELIM: Lesson 5 Nervous Tissue

Characteristics of Nervous Tissue

• Highly specialized cells: Nervous tissue is composed of neurons (nerve cells) and neuroglia (supporting cells).

• Excitability and conductivity: Neurons generate and transmit electrical impulses.

• Communication: Nervous tissue facilitates rapid communication between different parts of the body.

• Limited regeneration: Neurons have a very limited ability to regenerate, but neuroglia can divide and support neural function.

Highly specialized cells

• Characteristics of Nervous Tissue

• Nervous tissue is composed of neurons (nerve cells) and neuroglia (supporting cells).

Excitability and conductivity

• Characteristics of Nervous Tissue

• Neurons generate and transmit electrical impulses.

Communication

• Characteristics of Nervous Tissue

• Nervous tissue facilitates rapid communication between different parts of the body.

Limited regeneration

• Characteristics of Nervous Tissue

• Neurons have a very limited ability to regenerate, but neuroglia can divide and support neural function.

Components of Nervous Tissue

• Neurons (Nerve Cells)

• Neuroglia (Glial Cells)

Neurons (Nerve Cells)

• Components of Nervous Tissue

• Functional units of the nervous system.

• Transmit electrical and chemical signals.

Components of Neurons (Nerve Cells)

• Cell body (soma): Contains the nucleus and organelles.

• Dendrites: Receive signals from other neurons.

• Axon: Transmits impulses away from the cell body.

• Synaptic terminals: Release neurotransmitters to communicate with other cells.

Cell body (soma)

• Components of Neurons (Nerve Cells)

• Contains the nucleus and organelles.

Dendrites

• Components of Neurons (Nerve Cells)

• Receive signals from other neurons.

Axon

• Components of Neurons (Nerve Cells)

• Transmits impulses away from the cell body.

Synaptic terminals

• Components of Neurons (Nerve Cells)

• Release neurotransmitters to communicate with other cells

Neuroglia (Glial Cells)

• Components of Nervous Tissue

• Support, protect, and nourish neurons.

4 Types of Neuroglia (Glial Cells)

• Astrocytes: Maintain the blood-brain barrier and provide structural support.

• Microglia: Act as immune cells in the nervous system.

• Oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS): Form the myelin sheath, which speeds up nerve impulses.

• Ependymal cells: Line the ventricles of the brain and spinal cord, producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Astrocytes

• Type of Neuroglia (Glial Cells)

• Maintain the blood-brain barrier and provide structural support.

Microglia

• Type of Neuroglia (Glial Cells)

• Act as immune cells in the nervous system.

Oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS)

• Type of Neuroglia (Glial Cells)

• Form the myelin sheath, which speeds up nerve impulses.

Ependymal cells

• Type of Neuroglia (Glial Cells)

• Line the ventricles of the brain and spinal cord, producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Functions of Nervous System

• Sensory input: Detects environmental changes (e.g., touch, temperature, pain).

• Integration: Processes and interprets sensory data.

• Motor output: Sends signals to muscles and glands to produce responses.

• Homeostasis: Regulates body functions to maintain balance.

• Higher cognitive functions: Responsible for thinking, memory, and emotions.

Sensory input

• Function of Nervous System

• Detects environmental changes

• (e.g., touch, temperature, pain)

Integration

• Function of Nervous System

• Processes and interprets sensory data

Motor output

• Function of Nervous System

• Sends signals to muscles and glands to produce responses.

Homeostasis

• Function of Nervous System

• Regulates body functions to maintain balance.

Higher cognitive functions

• Function of Nervous System

• Responsible for thinking, memory, and emotions.

Brain; Spinal cord; Peripheral nerves

Location of Nervous System

organs; organ system

Tissues combine to form ___, which then function together in ___ to maintain homeostasis in the body.