EPMATH109+COURSE+READER+-+ALL+MODULES

Arithmetic

The study of numbers, especially the operations between them: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Number

A word or symbol representing a particular quantity.

Digit

The ten symbols used in our number system: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.

Real Numbers

Numbers that exist, including both rational and irrational numbers.

Imaginary Numbers

Numbers that involve the square root of a negative number.

Rational Numbers

Numbers that can be expressed as a fraction.

Irrational Numbers

Numbers that cannot be expressed as a fraction, having an infinite number of decimal places without a recurring pattern.

Integers

Whole numbers that can be positive, negative, or zero.

Laws of Arithmetic

Basic rules governing arithmetic operations such as addition and multiplication.

Order of Operations

The rules that dictate the correct sequence in which to perform arithmetic operations.

Place Value

The value of a digit depending on its position in a number.

Fractions

Numbers represented as the quotient of two integers, with a non-zero denominator.

Improper Fraction

A fraction where the numerator is greater than the denominator.

Proper Fraction

A fraction where the numerator is less than the denominator.

Mixed Fraction

An improper fraction expressed as a whole number and a proper fraction.

Percentages

A way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100.

Significant Figures

Digits that carry meaningful information about a quantity.

Scientific Notation

A method of writing very large or very small numbers as a product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10.

Unit Prefixes

Terms used to indicate multiples of units, like kilo- for thousands or milli- for thousandths.

Conversion Factor Method

A method for converting units by multiplying with fractions that express the equivalence between different units.

Ratio

A comparison of two quantities expressed in the same units.

Z-scores

A statistical measure that describes a value's relationship to the mean of a group of values, expressed in terms of standard deviations.

Standard Deviation

A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values.

Variance

The average of the squared differences from the mean, used to measure data dispersion.

Frequency Distribution Table

A table that displays the frequency of various outcomes in a sample.

Measures of Central Tendency

Statistics that summarize a data set with a single value that represents the center of the data distribution.

Mode

The value that appears most frequently in a data set.

Mean

The average of a data set, calculated by the sum of all values divided by the number of values.

Median

The middle value in a data set when arranged in ascending or descending order.

Probability

The measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.

Data

Raw facts or figures from which information can be derived.

Statistics

The discipline that uses mathematical theories and formulas to collect, review, analyze, and draw conclusions from quantitative data.

Cumulative Frequency

The running total of frequencies, showing the number of observations less than or equal to a particular value.

Pictograph

A graph that uses pictures or symbols to represent data.

Histogram

A graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data using bars.