2.1-2.3 Mixtures Solutions and Solvent (Experimental Techniques)  

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28 Terms

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Rf value

The is a ratio and therefore has no units.

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Impure liquid

is heated in a round bottom flask.

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Shampoo

is a mixture of several chemicals and water.

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Condenser

cools the steams to a pure liquid and it drops into the beaker.

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Retention factor

= distance moved by compound ÷ distance moved by solvent.

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volatile liquid

A(n) is one that evaporated easily this is a sign that the forces between its particles are weak so have low boiling points too.

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Sugar

is the solute, water is the solvent.

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mixture of gases

A(n) condense on the beads in the fractional column.

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Crystals

are collected by filtering the solution.

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mixture of substances

It is also used to separate a(n) .

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Filter paper

will only allow small liquid particles to pass through in the filtrate.

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pure substance

A(n) has a definite, sharp, melting point and boiling point.

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pure water

The vapour passes through the condenser, where it cools and condenses, turning into which is collected in a beaker.

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soluble solid usually

A(n) gets more soluble as the temperature rises.

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Solid particles

are too large to pass through the filter paper so will stay behind as a residue.

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lowest substance

The beads are heated to the boiling point of the , so that substance being removed can not condense on the beads.

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Sugar

is more soluble in hot water than in cold water.

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Rf value

Calculating the allows chemists to identify unknown substances because it can be compared with Rfvalues of known substances under the same conditions.

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Filter paper

is placed in a filter funnel above another beaker.

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Solutions

When you mix sugar and water, the sugar seems to disappear

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But there is one simple method you can use in the lab

You can check melting and boiling points

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Example and procedure

Used to separate a dissolved solid from a solution, when the solid is more soluble in hot solvent than in cold (e.g

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1

place a drop of black ink in the center of some filter paper

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2

Now drop water onto the ink spot, one drop at a time

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3

suppose there are three rings yellow, red

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For water and ethanol

ethanol has a boiling point of 78 ºC and water of 100 ºC

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Summary

for fractional distillation

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Summary

for Simple distillation