SHS: Lab Two

Abduction

Movement toward midline

Abduction

Movement away from midline

Laryngeal Airway Resistance

The opposition provided by the larynx to the mass flow of air through it

Vocal fold abduction or adduction

The main contributor to glottal size and configuration is…?

The longitudinal tension exerted by the cricothyroid muscles and activation of the muscles within the vocal folds (thyroarytenoid muscles)

Major contributors to vocal fold stiffness are…?

Cranial nerve VII (7)/ X (Vagus)

The intrinsic laryngeal muscles are innervated by…?

Pulmonary airway protection and sound generation

The two functions of larynx are…?

Separate and return midline at the bottom first (Mucosal wave)

Medial surfaces of the vocal folds…?

Fundamental frequency (expressed in Hertz, Hz, cycles/second)

The rate of vocal fold vibration

Pitch

Fundamental Frequency is…?

Vocal fold stiffness

Fundamental frequency is determined most importantly by…?

Sound pressure level (In decibels, dB)

Is a measure of the acoustic signal…?

Loudness

Sound pressure level is…?

The laryngeal voice source and the “filter” that shapes it.

Voice quality is dependent on…?

Eight

How many cranial bones are there?

Fourteen

How many facial bones are there?

Eight

How many sinuses are there?

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Cavities of the pharynx

Velum

Consists of the soft palate and uvula

Septum

The nasal cavities are separated by…?

Recoil of muscles, cartilages, and connective tissues, surface tension, gravity, aeromechanical forces

List passive forces of the velopharynx

Muscles of the pharynx, muscles of the velum, muscles of the outer nose

List active forces of the velopharynx

Superior, middle, and inferior

The constrictor muscles are made up of…?

Inferior constrictor

Contains the thyropharyngeus (upper) and cricopharyngeus (lower) muscles

Temporal and parietal

Which cranial bones are paired…?

Temporal bone

The styloid process is a projection of the…?

Nasopharynx

The eustachian tubes extend from the middle ears to the lateral walls of the…?

Oropharynx

When you open mouth to say “ah” you can see the back wall of…?

Constricts pharynx

Superior constrictor…?

Constricts pharynx

Middle constrictor…?

Constricts pharynx

Inferior constrictor…?

Constricts and raises pharynx

Salpingopharyngeus…?

Widens and raises pharynx

Stylopharyngeus…?

Constricts and raises pharynx

Palatopharyngeus…?

Pulls upward and backward on the velum

Palatal levator…?

Pulls upward, shortens, and increases the bulk of the velum

Uvulus…?

Pulls downward and forward the velum

Glossopalatine

Pulls downward and backward on the velum

Pharyngopalatine