FLUIDS & ELECTROLYTES (F&E)

Topic: F&E Percentage of body weight that is water

50-60%

Topic: F&E Intracellular Fluid (ICF) percentage

40%

Topic: F&E Extracellular Fluid (ECF) percentage

20%

Topic: F&E Interstitial Fluid percentage

15%

Topic: F&E Intravascular Fluid percentage

5%

Topic: F&E Transcellular Fluid examples

CSF pleural peritoneal synovial fluids

Topic: F&E Average oral fluid intake (healthy adult)

2,500ml/day (range 1500-3000ml)

Topic: F&E Average fluid loss (healthy adult)

2500ml/day

Topic: F&E Sensible loss examples

Urination bowel elimination

Topic: F&E Insensible loss definition

Unnoticeable/unmeasurable loss (perspiration breathing)

Topic: F&E Functions of Body Fluids

Transport oxygen/nutrients remove waste regulate temp maintain BP lubricate joints support metabolism maintain acid-base balance

Topic: F&E Major ICF electrolytes

Potassium Phosphate Magnesium

Topic: F&E Major ECF electrolytes

Sodium Bicarbonate Chloride

Topic: F&E Definition of Osmosis

Movement of water across semipermeable membrane from lesser to higher concentration

Topic: F&E Definition of Filtration

Movement of solute and solvent from higher pressure to lower pressure

Topic: F&E Definition of Diffusion

Movement of particles from higher to lower concentration through semipermeable membrane

Topic: F&E Definition of Active Transport

Movement of solute from lower to higher concentration using ATP

Topic: F&E Main fluid regulation mechanisms

Osmoreceptors RAAS Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Topic: F&E Mechanism of Thirst (Step 1)

Low fluid triggers hypothalamus osmoreceptors

Topic: F&E Hormone released in thirst mechanism

ADH (Anti-diuretic hormone)

Topic: F&E Structure that stores/secretes ADH

Posterior pituitary gland

Topic: F&E Kidney parts responding to ADH

Distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts

Topic: F&E RAAS Step 1 (Trigger)

↓ BP triggers Juxtaglomerular cells to release Renin

Topic: F&E RAAS Step 2 (Liver)

Liver activates Angiotensinogen → Angiotensin I

Topic: F&E RAAS Step 3 (Lungs)

ACE converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II

Topic: F&E RAAS Step 4 (Effects)

Vasoconstriction Aldosterone release ADH release

Topic: F&E ANP/BNP definition

Hormones released by heart (atria/ventricles) due to wall stretching

Topic: F&E ANP/BNP function

Works against Angiotensin II aldosterone and ADH