DM 1,2 + Thyroidisms

DM 1 pathophysiology

absence of beta cells

DM 1 is ___ percent of all DM

5

Risk factors for DM1

genetic and environmental

DM 1 usually diagnosed in ages __ __and__ ____

4-6, 10-14

DM 1 characteristics

thinner body type, younger

DM 1 means there is ____ glucose released from the liver

unchecked

Fasting glucose for Diabetic

126

Normal/random + OGGT glucose for diabetes

200+

3 Ps for both types of diabetes

polyphagia, uria, dipsia

DM 1 complications

DKA

DM 1+2 complications

hypoglycemia, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, wound, CAD, CVD, PVD, thicker capillaries, GI issues, sexual dysfunction, sudomotor neuropathy, susceptible to infections, hypoglycemia unawareness

DM 1 treatment

insulin

____ units for extreme insulin resistance, ____ for normal

500, 100

DM 2 pathophysiology

cells become resistant to insulin, or insulin production is impaired

DM 2 risk factors

genes, obesity, age, family hx, race, ethnicity, baby birth weight, girth

DM 2 lab/diabnostics

normal/high insulin and normal/high C peptides, beta cell mass is normal or slightly reduced, islets fibrosis and amyloid

DM 2 complications

HHS

DM 2 treatments

weight loss, diet, physical activity, sometimes insulin

Hyperthyroidism causes

chronic illness, inflammation of thyroid, family hx, pregnancy, graves disease, autoimmune, toxic nodular goiter, thyroiditis, excess iodine, pituitary tumors, thyroid cancer, antithyroid meds, iodine therapy, surgery

Hyperthyroidism risk factors

women common, family hx, pregnancy

Lab values for hyperthyroidism

low tsh, t4 high, t3 high, cholesterol low

Tests for hyperthyroidism

RAI uptake study, thyroid scan, thyroid ultrasound, RAIU

hyperthyroidism symptoms

exophthalmos, goiter, tachycardia, weight loss, fast, muscle wasting, osteoporosis

hyperthyroidism complication

thyroid storm

Thyrotoxicosis

heart attack like symptoms

when thyroid storm, dont take

aspirin

hyperthyroidism treatment

antithyroid drugs, iodine solution, beta blockers, radioactive iodine, surgeries

hypothyroidism causes

iodine deficiency, slowing metabolism, autoimmune, treatement of hyper, secondary gland issue, drugs, cretinism

hypothyroidism risk factors

women, meds, radiation from surgeries, thyroid surgery, autoimmune, radioactive iodine

hypothyroidism lab values

high tsh, free t4 low, t3 low, cholsterol high, cardiac enlargement, triglyceride increase

hypothyroidism symptoms

fatigue, lethargy, mental slowness, fat, constipation, cold intolerance, dry skin, muscle stiff

hypothyroidism complications

myxedema coma, cretinism

myxedema coma

coma, hypothermia, cardiac issues

cretinism

lack of development

hypothyroidism treatment

meds lifelong, diet, surgeries, thyroid replacement drugs, pain relievers, skin maintenance

endocrine and neurological both

chemical, feedback loops, homeostasis, respond to stimuli

thyroid functions

heart rate, cholesterol, muscle contraction, carb absorption, gh, nervous system, temp, calcium levels

thyroid makes

thyroxine, iodine, t3 and t4 protein bound and free, calcitonin, PTH

DKA causes

infection/sickness, stress, no insulin

HHS causes

illness and infection

DKA signs and symptoms

250-500, kussmals, dry, abdominal pain, metabolic acidosis

HHS signs and symptoms

600, dehydration, neurological issues

DKA treatment

fluids, hourly bs check, insulin,

HHS treatment

fluids, insulin