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Amelia Bloomer
-Women’s rights and temperance advocate
-did not create bloomers (clothes) but advocated for wearing them
Angelina and Sarah Grimke
-Southern Quakers, educators, writers
-early advocate for abolition and women’s rights
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
-social activist, abolitionist, led early women’s suffrage movement
-suffrage @ Seneca Falls Convention in 1848
Lucretia Mott
-Quaker, abolitionist, women’s rights activist, social reformer
-helped Cady Stanton @ Seneca Falls Convention
Lucy Stone
-Orator, abolitionist, suffragist, vocal advocate for women’s rights
-refused to take husband’s last names
Sojourner Truth
-Ain’t I a Woman=gender equalities
-African-american abolitionist, women’s rights activist
-Was slave then escaped
-Went to court to get her son, 1st black woman to win a case against a white man
-Name was Isabelle Baumfree, gave herself her name, Sojourner truth
Susan B. Anthony
-social reformer, women’s suffrage movement, abolitionist, part of anti slavery soc
-arrested for voting, had a publicized trial, refused to pay fine
-Anthony and Stanton + Congress = amendment to give women voting rights
-got passed in 1920 as the 18th Amendment, aka Anthony Amendment
William Lloyd Garrison
-abolitionist journalist, suffragist, social reformer
-editor for abolitionist newspaper (The liberator)
-one of the founders of American Anti Slavery society
-wanted emancipation of slaves
David Walker
-militant African American abolitionist, anti slavery activist
-published to call for black unity, self-help to fight oppression and injustice
Elijah Lovejoy
-presbyterian minister, journalist editor, abolitionist
-was murdered by pro slavery mob
Frederick Douglass
-African American social reformer, orator, writer, statesman
-escaped from slavery, leader of abolitionist movement
published The North Star newspaper to help black troops get organized during the Civil war
Theodore Dwight Weld
-during abolitionist developing years: was writer, speaker, editor, organizer
-co-author of American Slavery As It Is:Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses
-writings inspired Harriet Beecher Stowe to write Uncle Tom’s Cabin
John Brown
-white abolitionist, believed armed insurrection best way to take down slavery institutions
-killed 5 slavery supporters in Pottawatomie Massacre (1856)
-(1859) led unsuccessful raid on the federal armory, was captured, trial, then hanged
Harriet Beecher Stowe
-abolitionist and writer
-Uncle Tom’s Cabin (life of african americans under slavery)
-book became popular in US and UK
-south hated it, north loved it
Harriet Tubman
-african american abolitionist, humanitarian, Union Spy in Civil War
-rescued and freed slaves thru Underground Railroad
Elizabeth Blackwell
-1st woman to get medical degree
-friend encouraged her, said she would feel more comfortable
-blackwell felt women better docs bc motherly instinct
Dorothea Dix
-activist on mentally insane
-greated mental asylums
Transcendentalism
-belief that spirituality can be achieved thru self reflec and intuition
-human connec w nature
-idealism > materialistic
Henry David Thoreau
-author, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, transcendentalist
-human connec w nature
-nonviolent protest=refused to pay taxes for mexican war
Margaret Fuller
-journalist and women’s rights advocate
-important figure of transcendentalist movement
-inspired a character of Scarlet Letter
Ralph Waldo Emerson
-essayist, lecturer, poet
-led transcendentalist movement in 1850s
-champ of indiv, critic of pressures society
-expressed philosophy of transcend
Horace Mann
-educational reformer
-argued for universal public education
-need edu to turn all bad kids into good republican citizens
“Father of the Common School Movement“
Mary Lyon
-pioneer women’s education
-estab Wheaton, Mount Holyoke
-vision= intellectual + morals
Catharine Beecher
-educator
-argued for kindergarten in kids edu
-want physical edu in school
-womens role= mothers and teachers
William Holmes McGuffey
-wrote McGuffey Readers (first textbooks)
Emma Willard
-women’s rights activist
-found first women’s higher education school
-promote women’s edu
Noah Webster
-lexicographer, textbook, pioneer, english lang spelling reformer
-”Father of american Scholarship and Foundation”
-taught=spell and read
Walt Whitman
-poet, essayist, journalist
-part of transition of transcendentalist and realist movement
-”Father of Free verse”
-”leaves of grass”=about sex
-”my captain, my captain”=about abe lincoln
Emily Dickinson
-poet
-short lines, unconventional capitalism
-about death and immortality
-became famous after death
Nathaniel Hawthorne
-author (romanticism era)
-guilt, sin, evil=natural qualities of humans
later writings reflected bad side transcend
-Scarlet Letter, the house of the seven gables, the blithedale romance
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
-poet, educator
-paul revere’s ride, song of Hiawatha, evangeline
James Fenimore Cooper
-writer
-wrote about frontier and indian life
-The last of the mohicans
Louisa May Alcott
-novelist
-wrote Little Women
-raised by transcend parents
Herman Melville
-novelist and poet
-Moby-Dick
Washington Irving
-author, short stories
-Rip van winkle, the legend of sleepy hollow
Edgar Allen Poe
-author, poet, editor, literary critic
-the raven, the tell-tale heart
Thomas Cole
-artist
-his art=realistic and american landscape/wilderness=features of romanticism
-found hudson river school
Frederic Church
-american landscape painter
-cent fig at hudson river school
Charles Grandison Finney
-Presbyterian minister
-leader in 2nd great awakening, preacher
-”father of modern revivalism”
Joseph Smith
-leader/founder of Mormonism
-experienced visions from Jesus/God, angel
-published the book of mormon
-was killed by mob
Brigham Young
-leader of mormons after smith (latter day)
Mother Ann Lee
-leader of Shakers
-followers danced/shaked=shakers (shaking quakers)
-sinfulness could be avoided=treat men and women equally + keep them seperate
Robert Owen
-social reformer
-one of the founders utopian socialism and cooperative movement
-began a utopian community/project —>failed bc people were crazy and lazy
John Humphrey Noyes
-preacher, radical relig philosopher, utopian socialist
-found “Perfectionist“ Oneida Community
-community believed the Jesus returned
-thought to have been free of sin, could by polygamous (free love)