Cell Biology

Prokaryotic cells are characterized by being __________, with no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles.

simple

An example of prokaryotic organisms includes __________.

bacteria

In prokaryotic cells, the genetic material is stored in a region called __________.

nucleoid

Eukaryotic cells have a defined __________ that serves as the control center.

nucleus

Organelles responsible for protein synthesis in prokaryotes are __________.

ribosomes

The __________ is a membrane-bound organelle involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification, especially in the liver.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The __________ is known as the 'post office' of the cell, where macromolecules are modified and sent to different parts of the cell.

Golgi Apparatus

Mitochondria are known as the __________ of the cell because they produce ATP.

powerhouse

The __________ is the digestive organelle, often referred to as the 'stomach' of the cell.

Lysosome

In plant cells, the __________ is responsible for photosynthesis and energy production.

Chloroplast

__________ are structures that help maintain the shape and position of organelles within the cell.

Intermediate filaments

The __________ are the folds within the mitochondria that host the oxidative phosphorylation process.

cristae

The storage organelle that is large in plant cells and small in animal cells is called __________.

Vacuole

________contain enzymes that convert toxic hydrogen peroxide into cell-friendly water.

peroxisomes

The __________ are essential for muscle contraction and is made from actin.

microfilaments

The __________ is the fluid part of the chloroplast where light-independent reactions occur.

stroma

Prokaryotic cells have a selective barrier made of double layer of phospholipids called _____.

plasma membrane

The _____ shapes and protects the cell in all prokaryotes.

cell wall

The __________ is an organelle involved in protein synthesis, characterized by its rough appearance due to ribosomes on its surface.

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Animal cells have all the eukaryotic organelles except : __ __ and ____ . and their vacuoles are small/large (pick one)

cell walls chloroplasts small

The __________ model describes the structure of the cell membrane, emphasizing its flexible nature and the presence of various proteins.

fluid mosaic

In the fluid mosaic model, the phospholipid bilayer allows __________ to move freely within the membrane.

lipids

__________ transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Active

__________ transport does not require energy and occurs when substances move from high to low concentration.

Passive

An example of passive transport is __________, where water molecules pass through the cell membrane.

osmosis

In facilitated diffusion, __________ help transport specific molecules across the membrane without using energy.

proteins

__________ is a type of transport where cells expel materials in vesicles.

Exocytosis

The __________ states that the lipid bilayer is fluid and proteins can drift within it, resembling a mosaic.

fluid mosaic model

The fluid mosaic model illustrates that the cell membrane is made up of a __________ of different components, including phospholipids and proteins.

mix

In endocytosis, materials are brought __________ the cell through vesicle formation.

inside

The movement of ions across the cell membrane via protein channels is an example of __________ transport.

facilitated

Active transport often involves __________ to move substances against their concentration gradient.

transport proteins

__________ is a passive transport mechanism where solutes move through a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration without energy.

Diffusion

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of __________ transport as it moves sodium out and potassium into the cell against their respective gradients.

active