Freud's Personality Theory and Humanistic Approaches

Id

Unconscious drives; seeks immediate gratification.

Ego

Mediates between id and superego; reality principle.

Superego

Internalized moral standards; conscience and pride.

Eros

Life instinct; drives for survival and reproduction.

Thanatos

Death instinct; aggressive and destructive urges.

Moral anxiety

Conflict between id desires and superego standards.

Neurotic anxiety

Ego's inability to satisfy id due to reality.

Defense mechanisms

Unconscious strategies to reduce anxiety.

Fixation

Unresolved conflict in psychosexual development stages.

Oedipus complex

Boys' desire for mother during phallic stage.

Castration anxiety

Fear of punishment from father in phallic stage.

Identification

Aligning with powerful figures to develop superego.

Psychosexual stages

Development phases influencing adult personality.

Projective measures

Assess personality through ambiguous stimuli interpretation.

Thematic apperception test

Storytelling to reveal unconscious thoughts.

Behavioral perspective

Focus on situational determinants of behavior.

Operant conditioning

Behavior shaped by reinforcement and punishment.

Social learning theory

Behavior influenced by cognitive processes and environment.

Reciprocal determinism

Interaction of personality traits and situational influences.

Self-actualization

Achieving personal growth through free will.

Congruence

Alignment of self-image, true self, and ideal self.

Incongruence

Discrepancy between self-image and actual self.

Unconditional positive regard

Acceptance without conditions; fosters self-actualization.

Conditional positive regard

Acceptance based on meeting certain conditions.