Federal Bureaucracy

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the Federal Bureaucracy as discussed in the lecture.

Bureaucracy

The administrative system governing any large institution, characterized by hierarchical structure, specialization, explicit rules, and merit-based hiring.

Civil Service Act of 1883

Legislation that established a merit-based employment system for federal government positions to replace the patronage system.

Principal Officers

The senior leaders of the federal government who require Senate approval for appointment.

Inferior Officers

Supporting leaders of agencies who can be appointed by the president without Senate approval.

Hatch Act of 1939

A law that restricts political activities of federal employees to ensure neutrality and prevent partisanship.

Independent Agency

An organization created by Congress that operates outside the control of a cabinet department, often to maintain political independence.

Government Corporation

A corporation created by the government to provide services that the private market may not supply, funded by the fees it charges.

Regulations

Rules established by the executive branch that implement laws passed by Congress.

Monetary Policy

The laws and actions of government that control the availability of money, primarily managed by the Federal Reserve.

Hierarchical Structure

An organizational framework where employees are ranked according to levels of authority.

Merit System

An employment system in which hiring and promotions are based on qualifications and performance.

Chain of Command

The clear line of authority within an organization, ensuring responsibilities and accountability.

Specialization

The division of labor in the bureaucracy, with employees responsible for specific tasks and areas of expertise.

Congressional Oversight

The process by which Congress monitors the actions of the executive branch to ensure laws are implemented as intended.

Patronage System

A system in which politicians reward their supporters with government jobs, often based on political affiliation rather than merit.

Civil Servants

Employees of the federal government who are hired through a merit-based system and are expected to act without political bias.