CEA midterm

Which of the following is a step in the food supply chain?

zero hunger

 

food consumption

 

nutrition & health outcomes

 

socio-cultural drivers

food consumption

Which of the following is a unique feature of the Nourish Food System Map compared to the UN FAO food systems framework?

 

addresses food production

 

includes drivers, e.g. socio-cultural and political systems

 

mentions waste

 

system revolves around the individual

system revolves around the individual

The 4 pillars of the SRHFWS include:

nutrition & health , economic vitality , social, cultural, & ethical capital , and environmental stewardship .

What does SRHFWS stand for? 

Sustainable, Resilient, Healthy Food, and Water System

Which systems thinking tool allows us to identify a problem, name behaviors and systems associated with the problem, and our attitudes, biases, and beliefs that reinforce the problem?

 

 

Making meaningful connections

 

Causal loops

 

Behavior over Time Graphs

 

Iceberg Model

Iceberg Model

Which of the following is a characteristic of a wicked problem?

 

 

One clear solution

 

One stakeholder is clearly to blame

 

Solutions involve behavior change

 

Easy to define

Solutions involve behavior change

Linear is a characteristic of traditional thinking.

 

 

True

 

False

True

Interconnectedness is a characteristic of traditional thinking.

 

True

 

False

False, example of systems thinking

Emergence is a characteristic of traditional thinking.

 

True

 

False

False

A siloed approach is a characteristic of traditional thinking.

 

True

 

False

True

Which of the following is NOT one of the 14 habits of systems thinking?

 

Makes meaningful connection within and between systems

 

Seeks to understand the big picture

 

A learning strategy for any setting

 

Considers short- and long-term unintended consequences of actions

A learning strategy for any setting

The Department of Heath and Human Service along with the ______ develop the Dietary Guidelines for American every __ years .

US Department of Agriculture, 5

The previous DGA (2020-2025) aimed to promote health and eliminate hunger through informed dietary choices.

 

True

 

False

False

The DGA (both 2020-2025 and the 2025-2030) are connected to sustainability which means that there is an adequate food supply to assure that the dietary recommendations can be met by all.

 

True

 

False

False

Generally speaking (using the 2020-2025 DGA as our comparison), the average American adult has a(n) poor/failing dietary pattern reflected by the Healthy Eating Index . Based on the 2025-2030 DGA, the average American adult male overconsumes ____ whereas they underconsume __ . 

protein, dairy

Based on a recent study of over 50,000 available foods available for purchase at "grocery stores," almost___% of foods were classified as ultraprocessed. This perhaps, partially explains why approximately ___ % of total energy (kcals) consumed in the US come from ultraprocessed foods. 

 

60, 75

 

75, 60

 

50, 75

 

50, 50

75,60

Based on the class activity, which of the following foods are classified as Group 4, “ultra-processed,” according to the NOVA classification system:

 

Infant formula, bacon

 

Hard-boiled egg, fruit-flavored yogurt

 

Chocolate milk, ice cream

 

Potato, canned tuna

Chocolate milk, ice cream

Compared to 1970, the diet consumed by the average US adult contains ______ additional calories predominantly coming from ___ sources.

 

1000; beef, dairy

 

500; beef, dairy

 

1000; grains, fats/oils

 

500; grains, fats/oils

500; grains, fats/oils

____ is defined as an individual's right to make their own choice, whereas ____ prioritizes making decisions for the good of others.

Autonomy, Beneficience

Describe the impact of WWI on the US food system (~20 words)

WWI expanded U.S agricultural production, increased food conservation efforts, boosted exports to allies, and strengthened federal regulation of the food system.

When was the Dust Bowl and what was the primary cause? (~20 words)

The Dust Bowl occurred in the 1930s with the primary cause being over use of the land and erosion.

The Great Depression led to several policy changes in the US food system. State the year(s) of the Great Depression, what happened to many people (food related) and what main policy went into effect? (~25 words)

The Great Depression occurred in the 1930s and caused widespread hunger and lots of farms to collapse leading to policies such as the New Deal and Agriculture Adjustemnt Act

Which of the following is not one of the key historical events that occurred in 1862 that influenced the US Food System?

 

The Civil War

 

US-Dakota War

 

Homestead Act

 

USDA was founded

The Civil War

provided land to white settlers

Homestead Act

as a result of the forced displacement of people in the US

Dakota Wars

The Railroad Act

provided a way to transport food across the country.

The "Feed the World" Narrative is said to.... 

 

improve access to food around the world

 

be an obstacle for shifting to a more sustainable food system

 

support positive attitudes toward farming and food production

 

limit focus on local and regional food systems

improve access to food around the world

The global population is expected to peak in 2050-2100 as a result of rising fertility rates in the late 1900s and low mortality rates (i.e. longer lifespans). What is expected to happen to the population after its peak? 

 

Increase, resulting from global fertility rates

 

Increase, lower mortality rates

 

Decline, resulting from global fertility rates

 

Decline, lower mortality rates

Decline, resulting from global fertility rates

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the world produces more than ______ times enough food to feed everyone on the planet.

 

1.25

 

1.5

 

1.75

 

2

1.5

The “Food production must double by 2050 to feed the world’s growing population” claim was made in ________.  Thus, given how much production has increased already, it is misleading to continue using that argument. 

 

2000

 

2005

 

2010

 

2015

2005

True or False. Food production (aka lack of food) issues are the most notable cause for global hunger. 

 

True

 

False

False

Vandana Shiva stated that that _______ are nutritionally impoverished and the same acre with biodiversity could produce 5-10x more nutrition.

 

imported

 

exported

 

polycultures

 

monocultures

monocultures

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of food aid... 

 

depressed local food prices

 

diminished seed diversity

 

prices undercutting rural farmers

 

disproportionately hurting the poo

diminished seed diversity

The following description is reflective of what "Feed the World" topic? 

Developed countries, like the US, often subsidize farmers, while many developing countries tax farmers. US prices can reduce world prices for various foods making it difficult for farmers to compete. 

 

Food Aid

 

Westernized Ideologies

 

Exports

Exports

Personal responsibility, hard work, communities care for others, not government

individualism

geographic areas where individuals access to quality food is limited

food dessert

interferes with individual ability to make descisions

paternalism

individuals should be able to solve their own problems

neoliberalism

racially discriminatory political structures that impact food access past and present

food apartheid

In the year ____, Pope Alexander proclaimed certain people were sub-human and their lands were available to anyone. This was known as the ____.

1483, doctrine of discovery

In the year ___, any American citizen who worked the land for >5 years could purchase (for a nominal fee) 160 acres. This was known as the ___.

1862, homestead act

from 1935-1940, the Homeowners Loan Corporation provided loans to those living in neighborhoods deemed "safe." This was known as ____and created ____gaps

redlining, wealth

What evidence is there for discrimination by the USDA against black farmers?

The USDA has had multiple court rulings and settlements that has made it difficult for black farmers to get loans.

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the "current" Farm Bill:

 

Primary federal government approach to set agriculture and food policy in the US

 

Has no influence over what food is grown in the US

 

Establishes policy for food, farms, forestry, fiber and rural issues in the US

 

The majority of total funding (% of dollars) goes to Nutrition (Title IV)

has no influence over what food is grown in the US

Farm-sized is based on _____.

 

acreage

 

number of people living on farm

 

gross revenue

 

number of livestock living on the land

gross revenue

Small-sized farms are defined as_____________ representing _______ percent of all farms in the US.

 

<$350,000; 70

 

<10 acres; 90

 

<10 acres; 70

 

<$350,000; 90

<$350,000; 90

Lobbying plays a major and negative role in the US food system. 

 

True

 

False

False

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act passed on July 4, 2025 is the new Farm Bill. 

 

True

 

False

False

In the Agricultural Title of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act spending will increase for commodity programs, yet overall spending will decrease with cuts mostly in the nutrition subtitle. 

commodity, nutrition

Our agricultural system is iconically leaky. Which of the following major water contaminates in the US is responsible for the dead zone located in what's historically been called the Gulf of Mexico?

 

antibiotic pollution

 

endocrine disruptors pollution

 

nitrate pollution

 

plastic pollution

 

nitrate pollution

Which of the following is a man-made chemical compound found in drinking water, soil, food and food packaging that negatively influences human health and well-being?

 

nitrate

 

PFAS

 

BPA

 

phosphorus

PFAS

The 100^th meridian is a line that divides the U.S. One side reflects a more arid climate (less precipitation), whereas the other side is a more humid climate (more precipitation).  As the line shifts due to several reasons including less rainfall and more extreme weather patterns, regions will become more arid and irrigation needs in those areas will increase. The 100^th meridian is shifting _____ .  

 

 

east

 

south

 

west

 

north

east

Which of the following food categories uses the greatest amount of water for food production?

 

fruit, e.g. oranges

 

eggs

 

nuts, e.g. almonds

 

beef

beef

Which component of the soil is responsible for carbon sequestration and decomposition of plants and animals?

 

organic matter

 

microbes

 

mineral

 

the aggregates

organic matter

The difference between dirt and soil can be best described as:

 

dirt and soil both have organic matter; there's no difference

 

dirt does not have organic matter; soil does

 

dirt causes erosion; soil does not

 

neither soil nor dirt composition is not important to plant growth

dirt does not have organic matter; soil does

According to the UN, how many years of topsoil remain if we make no changes to our current production practices?

 

40

 

60

 

80

 

100

60

Biosequestration is also known as _______. 

 

desertification

 

deforestation

 

loss of fertile land

 

carbon storage in vegetation

carbone storage in vegetation

Three plant crops, rice ,  maize/corn , and wheat contribute __ of calories and proteins obtained by humans from edible plant sources.

60%

Which of the following is considered the most destructive practice of current day agriculture to soil health?

 

use of cover crops

 

fertilizer application

 

tillage

 

monocrop rotation

tillage

True or False. Overweight/obesity and undernutrition can occur at the same time. 

 

True

 

False

true

As calories have gone up, they have not been from all food groups. Which category of food has NOT increased with the increase in calories?

 

Grains

 

Meat, Poultry, Fish

 

Fats & Oils

 

Fruit and vegetables

Fruit and vegetables

The HEI score of the U.S. food supply is [answera]. 

50.9

Tillage & synthetic N fertilizers ____micronutrient uptake and phytochemical content in crops. 

decrease

Compost ____micronutrient and phytochemical content. 

increases

As a result of production decisions, over the last 50-70 years, the nutritional quality of foods has…

 

improved

 

stayed the same

 

declined

 

stayed the same, but will decline in the future

 

declined

Which of the following nutrients has (1) declined in food overtime, (2) is expected to decline further as a result of climate change, and (3) is considered a shortfall nutrient in the US population? 

 

Vitamin C

 

Iron

 

Zinc

 

Vitamin D

iron

Which of the following food system exposures is most likely to cause issues with gut health? 

 

PFAs

 

Dioxins

 

Glyphosate

Glyphosate

Approximately ___% of all food waste comes from the ______. 

 

25; farm

 

25; household/consumer

 

40; farm

 

40; household/consumer

40; household/consumer

____ is any food not used from producer to supplier whereas ____is food discarded by retail and households.

food loss, food waste

What is the law that offers liability protection for people who want to donate food to non-profit organizations, food banks, and food pantries?

 

Good Human Law

 

Good Samaritan Act

 

Food Donation Protection Law

 

Food Provision Protection

Good Samaritan Act

What is the leading cause of domestic (aka household, individual, personal) food waste? 

 

lack of planning

 

bulk purchases

 

lack of self control at the store

 

date label issues

lack of planning

To reduce consumer food waste, a group of concerned citizens advocate for a community composting program with required participation. Their decision is supported by which ethical principle? 

 

autonomy

 

beneficience

 

non-maleficience

 

justice

beneficience

The amount of food wasted is shocking. pounds per person are wasted each month , whereas, the amount of food wasted is equivalent to _calories daily . 

20, 1400

___________ is defined as "long-term changes in global weather patterns."

 

global warming

 

climate change

 

environmental hazards

 

extreme weather

climate change

Of all global GHG emissions, how much results from activities in the food system? 

 

1/5

 

1/4

 

1/3

 

1/2

1/3

What food product generates the third most GHG emissions based on information provided in the recorded lecture? 

 

beef

 

lamb

 

cheese

 

fish

cheese

Cooking homemade meals has global warming and human toxicity potentials that are ____% lower than heat-and-eat food options. 

 

10

 

15

 

25

 

35

35

The 100th meridian is "the longitude line identified as the boundary between the humid eastern United States and the arid western plains."

As the climate changes, the line will continue to shift ________, whereby previously humid areas will likely require more irrigation due to diminished precipitation. 

 

west

 

east

 

north

 

south

east

Climate migration, food insecurity, and changes in farmer and producer livelihoods are examples of _______climate change effects.  

 

production

 

post-production

post-production

Which of the following is not one of the three major threats of climate change for the ocean? 

 

warmer

 

more plastic

 

less oxygen

 

more acidic

more plastic

____________ is defined as the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide. 

 

carbon collection

 

carbon sequestration

 

carbon storage

 

carbon banking

carbon sequestration

__________is a situation when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious foods that meets dietary needs and preferences for an active healthy life”. This term focuses more on food safety and wholesome, healthful food and drinks.

 

food insecurity

 

nutrition access

 

food access

 

nutrition security

nutrition security

Food Literacy is defined as:

 

Acquire the knowledge and expertise to tell other’s how to live their lives in a healthy way

 

The knowledge and ability to make informed food choices to support one’s health, community, and the environment

 

Reading all the books on a specific topic in an area about food

 

Knowledge of the food system

The knowledge and ability to make informed food choices to support one’s health, community, and the environment

Which of the following “date labels” is best described as “safe to consume if stored and handled properly, “peak freshness.”

 

Expired by

 

Sell by

 

Use by

 

Best by

best by

Importing seafood into the US to meet consumer demand for fish promotes unsustainable fishing practices that supports slavery/human trafficking.

 

True

 

False

true

Farmer exposure to glyphosate, an herbicide, has ___ over the past ~50 years. At the same time, the incidence of non-Hodgkins lymphoma in farmer’s has ___ .

increased

The name of the newly proposed Farm Bill is the _________: 

 

EPA Funding Bill

 

One Big Beautiful Bill

 

Farm, Food, & National Security Act of 2026

 

Operation Feed the Hungry

Farm, Food, & National Security Act of 2026

Changes to processing regulations at meatpacking plants (e.g. beef, poultry, swine) in the U.S. will _____ efficiency and potentially _____ injury rate and increase food safety concerns.

increase