Sports Med 24-25 - Ch. 8

What are the components of an emergency action plan?

1. CPR/AED and Stop the Bleed 2. Assess shock and its management 3. Describe the phases of injury assessment 4. Control swelling during initial acute injury management 5. Techniques for moving and transporting the injured athlete 6. Recognize and treat concussions 7. Signs and symptoms and emergency treatment of stroke, sudden cardiac death, burns, and poisoning.

What is the primary concern of emergency aid in sports medicine?

To maintain cardiovascular function and indirectly, central nervous system function, as failure of these systems may lead to death.

What is the primary survey in an emergency action plan?

The primary survey assesses life-threatening injuries that take precedence over all other injuries.

What is the secondary survey in an emergency action plan?

Conducted when there are no life-threatening injuries or the athlete is stabilized, to assess the body.

What does POLICE stand for in emergency splinting?

POLICE stands for Protection, Optimal Loading, Ice, Compression, and Elevation.

What should be done with suspected fractures before moving an injured athlete?

Suspected fractures should be splinted before moving.

What is essential for moving and transporting an injured athlete?

Techniques must be executed to prevent further injury.

What should an emergency action plan include regarding personnel?

Determine personnel who will be on the field, including coaches, administrators, athletic trainers (ATs), and EMTs.

What information should be provided when making an emergency phone call?

1. Type of emergency situation 2. Type of suspected injury 3. Present condition of the patient 4. Current assistance being given 5. Location of phone being used 6. Exact location of emergency and how to enter facility.

What is the importance of having accessible keys in an emergency action plan?

Keys to gates or padlocks must be accessible for emergency responders.

How often should staff be informed about the emergency action plan?

Annually, ensuring each individual knows their roles and responsibilities.

What should be done for non-athlete emergencies in an emergency action plan?

Have a plan for situations involving spectators, parents, etc.

What is the role of the athletic trainer (AT) in emergency situations?

The AT is usually the first to deal with emergency situations and has more training in moving/transporting an injured athlete.

What should be done if the AT or physician is not available during an emergency?

The rescue squad should be called to handle the emergency situation.

What is required for treating a minor in an emergency?

Consent must be obtained, usually through paperwork at the beginning of the season/school year.

What takes precedence if there is no informed consent for a minor?

Implied consent on the part of the athlete to save their life takes precedence.

What is the significance of time in an emergency action plan?

Time is of the essence; evaluation must be done rapidly and accurately.

What should be included in the emergency action plan for each sport?

Develop separate EAPs for each sport's field, court, or gym.

Why is cooperation among professionals important in emergency situations?

Professionals must cooperate to ensure effective management of the emergency, leveraging the AT's training and experience.

What should be done to mitigate potential disagreements regarding moving an athlete?

Establish clear policies and procedures for moving an athlete.

What are the less common medical conditions that should be recognized in emergencies?

Sudden cardiac death (SCD), stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), poisoning, and burns.

What is the importance of controlling swelling during initial injury management?

Controlling swelling is critical to prevent further complications and promote healing.

What is the role of the emergency action plan in sports settings?

To provide a structured response to emergencies, ensuring safety and effective treatment.

What is the purpose of the Primary Survey in emergency care?

To assess potentially life-threatening problems including airway, breathing, circulation, severe bleeding, or shock.

What takes precedence over all other aspects of victim assessment?

The Primary Survey.

What should always be called when life-threatening injuries are suspected?

The rescue squad.

What does CAB stand for in emergency care?

Circulation, Airway, Breathing.

What should be done if an athlete is unconscious?

They must always be considered to have a life-threatening injury.

What is the appropriate position for a patient who is not breathing?

Logroll them to a supine position to begin CPR.

What is the significance of monitoring a supine patient who is breathing?

They should be monitored closely until they regain consciousness.

What is hemorrhage?

Abnormal external or internal discharge of blood.

What are the three types of hemorrhage?

Venous, capillary, and arterial.

What are the methods for controlling external bleeding?

Direct pressure, elevation, and pressure points.

What happens to blood cells during shock?

A diminished amount of blood cells is available to the circulatory system, leading to insufficient oxygen supply to tissues.

What causes the collapse of the vascular system in shock?

Loss of plasma from blood vessels to tissue spaces, slowing blood flow.

What conditions predispose athletes to shock?

Extreme fatigue, exposure to extreme temperatures, extreme dehydration, and illness.

What are the types of shock?

Cardiogenic, hypovolemic, anaphylactic, septic, and neurogenic.

What are common signs and symptoms of shock?

Moist, pale, cool skin; weak and rapid pulse; increased and shallow respiratory rate; decreased blood pressure.

What psychological reaction should be managed in an athlete after an injury?

Instruct the athlete to lie down, avoid looking at the injury, and provide patience and gentleness.

What is the purpose of the Secondary Survey?

To take a closer look at the injury once the condition has been stabilized.

When is a Primary Survey not required for an injured athlete?

When the athlete is conscious and stable.

What does the Secondary Survey assess?

Gathers specific information about the injury, assesses vital signs, and uncovers additional problems.

What should be done to maintain body temperature in an injured athlete?

Cover them with a blanket if necessary to keep them as close to normal temperature as possible.

What is the first step in managing shock?

Elevate the feet, unless contraindicated by the type of injury.

What is the role of CPR certification for individuals associated with competitive or recreational sports?

All should be certified and maintain certification in CPR/AED.

What is the purpose of the Secondary Survey in injury assessment?

To evaluate the seriousness of the injury and determine how the injured athlete should be transported.

What does the acronym HOPS stand for in the context of injury assessment?

History, Observation, Palpation, Special Tests.

What should be included in the brief history during the Secondary Survey?

Specific complaints such as what hurts, where it hurts, how the injury happened, and any sounds like a pop or snap.

What visual observations should be made during the Secondary Survey?

Look for obvious deformity, discoloration, swelling, and temperature differences compared to the uninjured side.

What is the initial step in palpation during injury assessment?

Start away from the injury site and work your way towards it.

What factors determine the seriousness of an injury during the Secondary Survey?

The type of first aid needed, whether to address bleeding, splinting or immobilization, and decisions about referral to a physician.

What does the acronym POLICE stand for in immediate treatment of injuries?

Protect, Optimal Loading, Ice, Compression, Elevation.

What is the purpose of immediate treatment following an acute musculoskeletal injury?

To minimize swelling and reduce the time required for injury rehabilitation.

What are the key concepts of emergency splinting?

Call 911, splint in the position found, and splint above and below the injury.

What types of splints are mentioned for emergency situations?

Vacuum splint, air splint, and SAM splint.

How should lower limb fractures involving the ankle or leg be immobilized?

By immobilizing both the foot and knee.

What is the recommended method for transporting an athlete with a suspected cervical spine injury?

Maintain head and neck in neutral alignment with the long axis of the body throughout transport.

What is the principle of spinal motion restriction?

To keep the head and neck in neutral alignment during transport.

What should be done with protective equipment during CPR procedures?

Remove protective equipment when appropriate while maintaining cervical spine stabilization.

What is the procedure for crutch fitting?

Ensure proper height and support for the athlete, considering weight-bearing restrictions.

What is the purpose of a shoulder swathe and sling?

To immobilize the shoulder complex and support the arm.

What is the importance of the 'trap-squeeze' technique?

It helps to stabilize the head and neck during transport of an injured athlete.

What should be done if an athlete is able to walk but needs assistance?

Provide ambulatory aid by supporting both sides.

What is manual conveyance in the context of transporting an injured athlete?

Assisting a mildly injured individual over a greater distance than they can walk easily.

What is the recommended action for suspected C-spine injuries?

Handle with extreme care and use a spine board for transport.

What is the significance of the supine logroll technique?

It is used to safely move an injured athlete while maintaining spinal alignment.

What is the role of a cervical spine collar in injury management?

To provide stabilization and support for the cervical spine during transport.