Disciples in the Applied Social Sciences and Counseling (Video Notes)

Fifty QA-style flashcards covering the key concepts from the notes on social sciences, counseling, and social work.

What is social science?

Disciplines concerned with the systematic study of social phenomena; examining society and how people interact, behave, develop culture, and influence the world.

Name some social science majors mentioned.

Anthropology, psychology, political science, and economics.

What are typical careers in the social sciences?

Economist, psychologist, social worker, plus roles in law, government, non-profits, academia.

What is applied social science?

The study that uses theories, principles, and methods from basic social science to understand society and solve social problems.

When did the term behavioral sciences become common?

Beginning in the 1950s.

Name the disciplines of social sciences listed.

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Linguistics, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology, Demography.

What is the difference between applied and pure social science?

Applied uses scientific information to develop practical solutions; pure focuses on theories and predictions.

Why study Applied Social Science?

To understand oneself and others and to address problems affecting individuals, groups, and society.

What is Chapter 2 concerned with?

The discipline of Counseling and its foundational concepts.

How is Counseling defined in the notes?

A relationship characterized by applying psychological counseling theories and communication skills to a client’s concerns.

What is the counseling process in one line?

Guiding a person through life-stage decisions and problems affecting self or life course.

Who are counselors?

Professionally trained and certified individuals who perform counseling.

What is psychometrics?

A branch of psychology dealing with the design, administration, and interpretation of quantitative tests for psychological variables.

What does 'Peers as Context' imply in counseling?

Peers can introduce issues; parental influence can counter negative peer influence.

Why is 'Neighborhood as Context' important?

It can add strengths or challenges and provides resources to consider in families.

What does 'Culture as Context' provide?

Meaning, norms, values, symbols, and language that underpin functioning.

What is 'Counseling as Context' about?

The counseling context itself can affect outcomes; includes client, counselor, and contextual factors.

What are 'Client Factors' in the counseling context?

Everything a client brings to the counseling context influencing outcomes.

What are 'Counselor Factors'?

The personality, skills, and personal qualities of a counselor.

What are 'Contextual Factors'?

The environment and atmosphere where sessions occur that influence results.

What are 'Process Factors' in counseling context?

The actual counseling undertaking and its procedural aspects.

List Vel­lemean’s six stages of counseling.

Developing trust; Exploring problem areas; Helping to set goals; Empowering into action; Helping to maintain change; Agreeing when to end the helping relationship.

What is the general goal of counseling?

To empower a client toward self-emancipation from a felt problem.

What does client empowerment mean?

Developing skills and abilities for self-management and improved motivation.

What does the scope of counseling include?

Application of psychological theories and recognized communication skills; not clinical cases.

What is the 'Advice' principle in counseling?

Counselor should offer options and avoid creating dependency or inferiority.

What is the 'Reassurance' principle in counseling?

A valuable approach that can relieve distress and empower functioning.

What is the 'Release of emotional tension' principle?

Counseling provides emotional release to reduce mental blocks.

What is the 'Clarified thinking' principle?

Encourages accepting responsibility and more realistic problem-solving.

What is the 'Listening Skills' principle?

Listening to understand concerns without premature suggestions.

What is the 'Respect' principle in counseling?

Clients must be treated with respect regardless of differences.

What are 'Empathy and Positive regard' in counseling?

Empathy to understand feelings; positive regard as respectful acceptance.

What are 'Clarification, Confrontation, and Interpretation' in counseling?

Clarification restates client thoughts/feelings; confrontation/interpreting help insight.

What are 'Transference and Countertransference'?

Understanding emotional reactions to gain insight into client life and therapy dynamics.

What are the CORE VALUES OF COUNSELING?

Respect for human dignity; Partnership; Autonomy; Responsible caring; Personal integrity; Social justice.

What is the 'Role of Guidance Counselors'?

Assist clients in change, teach social skills, decision-making, and coping with crises.

What are the FUNCTIONS OF GUIDANCE COUNSELORS as per law?

Use integrated approaches to develop well-functioning individuals; develop potentials and plan futures.

What are the COMPETENCIES OF GUIDANCE COUNSELORS?

Administer and maintain career guidance programs; conduct career advocacy; collaborate with peers.

What are the FOUNDATION SKILLS in counseling?

Attending/listening; Reflective skills; Probing skills.

What are the FOUR COMMON SKILLS in counseling?

Communication, Motivational, Problem-solving, Conflict resolution.

Name Areas of Specialization in Counseling (A–K).

Child development, Adolescent development, Gerontology, Marital relationship, Health, Career/lifestyle, College/university, Drugs, Consultation, Business and industry, Other specialties.

What are CAREER OPPORTUNITIES in counseling?

Educational/school counseling; Vocational/career counseling; Marriage/family counseling; Addictions; Mental health; Rehabilitation; Genetics.

What is the Institute of Guidance Counselors?

Oldest professional organization in guidance and counseling (established 1968) with about 1,200 practitioners and a Code of Ethics.

Principle 1 of the Code of Ethics?

Respect for the rights and dignity of the client, privacy, confidentiality, self-determination, and autonomy.

Principle 2 of the Code of Ethics?

Competence: maintain/continuously develop skills, recognize limits, seek supervision.

Principle 3 of the Code of Ethics?

Responsibility: act trustworthy and accountable; avoid harm; systematic ethical decision-making.

Principle 4 of the Code of Ethics?

Integrity: honesty and fairness; manage conflicts of interest and report inappropriate behavior.

What are the FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES of COUNSELING?

Respect for human rights and dignity; client self-government; client well-being; responsible caring; fair treatment; equal opportunity; integrity of the practitioner-client relationship; self-knowledge and care for self; quality of professional knowledge; responsibility to society.

Who are the CLIENTELE AND AUDIENCES of COUNSELING?

Individuals and groups who receive counseling services, varying in needs and context.

What is CHAPTER 5 about?

Settings, processes, methods, and tools used in counseling.

What is CHAPTER 6 about?

The discipline of Social Work: its aims, law contexts, and social justice focus.

What is the historical origin of social work’s first movement?

Charity Organization Societies founded in 1877 to study causes of poverty and reduce it.

What movement followed the Charity Organization Societies?

The Settlement Movement, which began in 1887.

What is the basic definition of social work per the notes?

Promotes social change, problem-solving in human relationships, and empowerment to enhance well-being within human rights and social justice.

In social work, what is the aim regarding vulnerability and protection?

Protect vulnerable people from abuse, neglect, or self-harm and support their well-being.

What is a key context for social work practice?

Working within legal frameworks (e.g., NHS, statutory contexts) to assess care needs and develop plans.

What are the goals and scope of social work (tenets) summarized?

Empower individuals; connect with societal resources; promote social justice; transform society; collaborate and evaluate.

What are the principles related to human rights in social work?

Uphold dignity, self-determination, participation, holistic view, and identifying strengths.

What are the principles related to social justice in social work?

Challenging discrimination, recognizing diversity, fair resource distribution, policy critique, solidarity.

What are the core principles of social work (values)?

Compassion, Service, Social Justice, Dignity and worth of the person, Importance of human relationships, Integrity, Competence.