10th Grade Honors Chemistry- Midterm Exam Study Guide

Study of the composition and structure of materials and the changes that materials undergo best describes the science of _________.

chemistry

Matter includes all of the following except:

Air, light, smoke, water vapor

Light

A physical property may be investigated by

Melting ice

An example of an extensive physical property is

Mass

An example of an intensive physical property

Color

An example of a chemical change is

Milk going sour

A physical change occurs when a

glue gun melts a glue stick

The particles in a solid are

packed closely together

The state of matter in which a material has definite shape and definite volume in

Solid state

Chemistry is a

physical science

The state of matter in which a material has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume in the

gaseous state

The state of matter in which a material has a definite volume but no definite shape is the

liquid state

Under ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure, the particles in a gas are

very far from one another

Physical means can be used to separate

Mixtures

A horizontal row of blocks in the periodic table is called

period

A vertical column of blocks in the periodic table is called

Group, family

The zig-zag in the periodic table (stair step)

Metalloids

Metals are not

Brittle

T/F: no metals have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals

False

Indications of a chemical change

Heat and light, formation of a precipitate, production of a gas

Elements in groups/Families have ________ properties and characteristics

Similar

T/F: Elements cannot be separated by any physical or chemical means*

True

Process that absorbs heat, feels cold

Endothermic

Resistance to change, a body at rest wants to stay at rest and a body in motion wants to stay in motion

Inertia

Ability to cause change or to do work

Energy

Used to measure the mass of an object

Balance

Unreactive

Noble gases

Matter is anything

that has mass and takes up space

What scientist's research made us change the Law of Conservation of Energy

Einstein

Ripping paper

physical change

Burning wood

chemical change

Dissolving salt in water

physical change

Boiling water

physical change

T/F: Mass of a specific substance changes depending on whether it is mass at sea level or at high altitudes

False

T/F: Weight can change depending on location

True

T/F: All matter is either a mixture or a pure substance

True

T/F: Energy can never be converted or changed

False

T/F: You can have a solution of two gases

True

T/F: You can never have a homogeneous mixture of two solids

False

T/F: A nonmetal is a poor conductor of heat and electricity

True

T/F: A metalloid has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals

True

T/F: Nonmetals are located on the left side of the periodic table

False

T/F: Matter can never be created or destroyed

False

Food (sitting)

Potential energy

Kicking a soccer ball (where it can't hit anything)

Kinetic energy

Ball rolling on a table

Potential and Kinetic energy

12 Volt Battery (sitting)

Potential energy

Air in the room

homogeneous mixture

Tap water

homogeneous mixture

Copper

Element

Pepperoni pizza

heterogeneous mixture

Sugar

Compound

Kool-aid

homogeneous mixture

Salt

Compound

Pb

Lead

Mg

Magnesium

H

Hydrogen

Ag

Silver

C

Carbon

Cs

Cesium

Sr

Strontium

Sb

Antimony

He

Helium

Iodine

I

Chlorine

Cl

Potassium

K

Arsenic

As

Xenon

Xe

Francium

Fr

The amount of space occupied by an object is

Bolume

The form of the metric system that includes units and standards agreed upon the world is called

SI

Steps of the scientific method

observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion

Testable statement used for making predictions and carrying out further experiments is a

hypothesis

A theory is best described as a

generalization that explains a body of known facts or phenomena

A description, what has happened, describes behavior in nature is a scientific ____.

Law

Standards are chosen because they

Are exact and everyone can use them for comparison

SI unit for length

Meter

SI unit for mass

Kilogram

mm

Millimeter

Symbols for units of length in order from smallest to largest are

Mm, cm, m, km

SI unit for volume

liter

Matter per unit

Mass

SI unit for time

Second

D=

mass/volume

When density is measured

the temperature should be specified

When determining the number of significant digits in a measurement

all nonzero digits are significant

0.0255 (round to 2 sig-figs)

0.026

In division and multiplication, the answer must not have more significant figures than the

number in the calculation with the fewest significant figures

A sum or difference of whole numbers should be rounded so that the final is in the same place as the

Leftmost last certain digit

32100000 (scientific notation)

3.2 x 10^7

Law of Multiple Proportions

elements can combine in different ratios to form different compounds

Law of definite proportions

A compound always forms in the same ratios.

Who proposed atomic theory

Dalton

What concept in the atomic theory have been modified

Atoms cannot be divided

Experiments with cathode rays led to the discovery of

Electron

Millikan's experiment

Measured the mass on the electron

Who discovered the nucleus

Rutherford

Gold foil experiment

Passed through the foil

Positively charged particle

Proton

T/F: the nucleus contains nearly all of the atom's volume

False