IB Geography - VOCABULARY Flashcards (Case Studies: Population, Urban Environments, Tourism, Food & Health)

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the notes across population change, urban environments, tourism, and food/health topics.

HDI

Human Development Index; a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income.

GNI per capita

Gross National Income per person; a country's total income divided by its population.

LIC

Low-Income Country; a country with low levels of income per capita as defined by international standards.

MIC

Middle-Income Country; a country with moderate income per capita, often undergoing rapid development.

HIC

High-Income Country; a country with high levels of income per capita.

SEZ

Special Economic Zone; a designated area where business and trade laws differ from the rest of the country to attract investment.

Port Moresby

Capital city of Papua New Guinea.

squatter housing

Informal housing built on land without legal permission, common in fast-growing cities.

underpopulated

More available land than people; population density is low relative to land resources.

overpopulated

More people than available resources or space can sustainably support.

rural-urban migration

Movement of people from rural areas to cities in search of work and services.

circular migration

Temporary, repetitive movement of people between home and destination locations.

chain migration

Migration where new migrants follow the paths of established family or community networks.

Hu Huanyong Line

A demarcation line in China separating densely populated eastern regions from sparsely populated west.

Great Leap Forward

Mao-era policy (1958–1962) aimed at rapid modernization, often leading to economic and social disruption.

Cultural Revolution

A radical sociopolitical movement (1966–1976) in China with widespread upheaval.

Two-child policy

Vietnam’s policy encouraging smaller families to control population growth.

anti-natalist policy

Policy aimed at reducing birth rates to curb population growth.

buffer zone (Angkor TMP context)

A protected area around a site to regulate access and reduce environmental impact.

Tourism Management Plan (TMP)

Strategic plan to regulate visitor numbers and protect heritage sites.

Awaza Tourist Zone

A developed tourism area in Turkmenistan designed to diversify the economy.

Barra Cluster Olympic Park

Main Olympic venue cluster for Rio 2016, a hub of multiple venues.

Maracana Stadium

Large stadium in Rio de Janeiro used for Olympic events.

Angkor

Cambodia’s largest historic temple complex and World Heritage site.

Banteay Srei

Popular temple within Angkor; used as an example of TMP effectiveness.

ecotourism

Sustainable tourism focused on natural areas that conserves the environment.

desert ecotourism

Eco-friendly tourism practiced in desert environments with conservation goals.

Sponge City

Urban development concept in which permeable surfaces and wetlands absorb and store rainwater.

permeable surfaces

Materials or surfaces that allow water to pass through, aiding water absorption.

Naxi

An ethnic minority in Yunnan, China, known for their distinctive culture.

Leaping Tiger Gorge

A canyon in Yunnan, China, marketed for its natural beauty and ecotourism.

megacity

Metropolitan area with very large population and extensive urban infrastructure.

Mi teleferico

Urban gondola system used in La Paz to improve transport and reduce congestion.

El Alto

Satellite city of La Paz, notable for rapid growth and transport links.

Zabaleen

Cairo’s informal garbage collectors and recyclers, a key example of urban waste management.

Coptic Christian

Christian minority group in Egypt, including the Zabaleen community.

ecotourism (Namibia Serra Cafema)

Sustainable tourism in ecologically sensitive desert areas.

Desert ecotourism

Ecotourism practices tailored to desert ecosystems and communities.

Karakum Desert

Large desert covering much of Turkmenistan.

Kopet Dag

Mountain range along Turkmenistan's southern border.

Amu Darya

Major river in Central Asia with important water resources usage.

100 Resilient Cities Network

Global initiative helping cities become more resilient to challenges.

buffer zone (Angkor TMP context)

Protected area around heritage sites to manage visitor impacts.

Himba

Indigenous people of Namibia associated with Serra Cafema ecotourism.

Awaza

Coastal resort zone in Turkmenistan developed for tourism diversification.

Naxi

Ethnic group in Yunnan infamous for unique culture and guesthouse tourism.

Tourism potential vs visa barriers (Turkmenistan)

Distance between rich cultural assets and accessibility due to visa rules.

Zika virus

Virus linked to health concerns during the Rio Olympics context.

Buffer zones (Angkor TMP)

Protected corridors to limit tourist impact on fragile areas.

Water-borne disease

Diseases spread via contaminated water, e.g., diarrhoea.

Vector-borne disease

Diseases transmitted by vectors like mosquitoes, e.g., malaria.

Two-child policy (Vietnam) and dependency ratio

Policy affecting birth rates and the proportion of dependents to working-age people.

WFP

World Food Programme; UN agency delivering food assistance in crises.

Urban heat island

Urban areas becoming warmer than surrounding rural areas due to human activities.

Coal burning (Beijing pollution)

Major source of air pollution in Beijing due to heating and industry.

circle economy

Looped production and consumption system aimed at sustainable resource use.