States of matter

Explain the kinetic molecular theory

Matter is composed of small particles that are in constant motion. This theory explains states of matter and thus their behaviors and properties

explain the relationship between temperature, kinetic energy, and the velocity of particles in a substance.

THe average Kinetic energy of particlse is dependant on the temperature.

(the higher the temp, the higher the KE)

List the characteristics of Gas in regards to volume, shape, and particle movement.

• indefenite volume

• indefinite shape

• freely moving particles

List the characteristics of liquid in regards to volume, shape, and particle movement.

• definite volume

• indefinite shape

• particles are closely packed but can slide past each other. not rigid, can flow

List the characteristics of solid in regards to volume, shape, and particle movement.

• definite volume

• definite shape

• tightly packed particles that vibrate in place

differentiate between an intermolecular force and a chemical bond

An intermolecular force is a force of attraction or repulsion that acts between neighboring particles, while a chemical bond is a strong force that holds atoms together within a molecule

explain the relationship between intermolecular forces and Gas

There are no attractive or repulsive forces between gases, thus particles move independently and have elastic collisions

explain the relationship between intermolecular forces and liqiud

Stronger intermolecular forces (IMF) in liquids hold the particles together more than in gases

explain the relationship between intermolecular forces and solid

Strongest intermolecular forces (IMF), holding the particles tightly together in a rigid structure

Distinguish between ideal and real gasses

• Ideal Gas: a hypothetical gas that perfectly follows all of the kinetic-molecular theory

• Real Gas: a gas that doesn’t behave entirely to the kinetic-molecular theory

Describe the properties of ideal gasses

• No attractive forces between particles. 

• Nonpolar monoatomic gases(like the noble gases) are the closest to ideal gases.

Describe the properties of liquids, highlighting those that are unique to them

• All matter is made of small particles

• Those particles are in constant random motion

• This motion causes the particles to collide with each other and the container that they are in

Explain how both gases and liquids can be described as fluids

Gases and liquids are both called fluids because they can flow and change shape to fit their container

Differentiate between crystalline and amorphous solids

• crystalline solids : made of crystals; particles arranged in an orderly geometric pattern

• Amorphous solids : particles are arranged more randomly

Differentiate between liquids and amorphous solids

-Liquids can flow and change shape easily. They don’t have a fixed shape

-Amorphous solids (like glass or butter) look like solids and hold their shape, but their particles are not arranged in a regular pattern like in most solids.

define thermal energy

the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of particles in an object

define kinetic energy

energy in motion

Define potential energy

stored energy

Define Elastic collision

when no KE is lost overall in the collision.

Define temperature

measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object

Define diffusion

spontaneous mixing of particles caused by random motion

Define effusion

process where gas particles pass through tiny openings

Define surface tension

force that pulls adjacent parts of a liquid’s surface together, minimizing the surface area