Biology - Unit 7 Test Review Guide Part 1

What are the parts of the water cycle that hold water for a short time?

Exchange Pools

What are the parts of the water cycle that hold water for a long period of time?

Reservoirs

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the atmosphere in the water cycle?

The atmosphere acts as an exchange pool, holding water vapor for just a few days.

How does evaporation occur in the water cycle?

Water molecules gain enough energy from the sun to escape into the atmosphere.

What is the process of sublimation in the water cycle?

Ice and snow transform directly into water vapor under the sun's heat.

What term refers to the combined process of evaporation and transpiration?

Evapotranspiration

What happens during the process of condensation in the water cycle?

Water vapor cools and condenses into liquid droplets, forming clouds.

Where is groundwater stored in the water cycle?

In soil pore spaces and fractures of rock formations beneath the Earth's surface

What is the primary function of the Earth's atmosphere in relation to carbon?

To absorb harmful solar radiation

What role does photosynthesis play in the carbon cycle?

It removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produces oxygen.

Which of the following is NOT a reservoir where carbon is found in the biosphere?

Desert Sand

What is the primary makeup of fossil fuels?

Organic Matter

How do living organisms contribute to the release of CO2?

During Respiration

What process removes CO2 from the air and produces organic compounds?

Photosynthesis !!!

What role do these biogeochemical cycles play in Earth's ecosystems?

They regulate the flow of essential nutrients and maintain ecosystem stability and productivity.

Which form of nitrogen can be directly taken in by plant roots and absorbed and used in organic compounds?

Nitrate

What is the role of nitrifying bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?

Convert ammonium into nitrate

How do animals transfer nitrogen in the ecosystem?

By consuming plants

What is the process by which certain bacteria convert nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into a form that plants can use?

Nitrogen fixation

What happens to nitrogen when animals consume plants?

It is transferred to higher trophic levels.

How do plants use nitrate absorbed from the soil?

They use it to create organic compounds

What is the process in which certain bacteria convert nitrates in the soil back into nitrogen gas?

Denitrification

What percentage of Earth's atmosphere is composed of oxygen?

21%

Which process is the primary source of organic material for ecosystems?

Photosynthesis

What is the byproduct of respiration besides energy?

Carbon Dioxide

Where do phytoplankton primarily contribute to oxygen production?

Oceans

How are fungi and bacteria involved in oxygen consumption?

They break down organic matter

How do human activities impact the oxygen cycle?

By disrupting oxygen-producing environments

What is the interconnection of the oxygen cycle with other cycles?

It influences the pace of carbon and nitrogen cycles

Which of the following actions can disrupt the oxygen cycle?

Pollution

What is the fundamental role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

It provides energy

Why is understanding and safeguarding the oxygen cycle important?

To ensure the welfare of life on Earth

Which of the following molecules requires phosphorus?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Where does the phosphorus cycle mostly occur?

Soil and water

Which process breaks down rocks into smaller pieces through exposure to wind, water, and temperature changes?

Weathering

How does phosphorus enter ecosystems?

Weathering and erosion of rocks

What is the process that moves rocks to new places by forces like wind, water, ice, or gravity?

Erosion

How do plants absorb phosphorus?

Through their roots

What may happen as a result of excess phosphorus runoff?

Eutrophication

How have human activities impacted the phosphorus cycle?

They have increased it

How does sulfur enter the atmosphere?

Through volcanic activity

Once sulfur enters the atmosphere what occurs?

Sulfur forms sulfuric acid through precipitation

What is one way sulfur enters ecosystems on land?

Through rock weathering

What effect does sulfur have on the environment when it forms sulfuric acid in the atmosphere?

It contributes to acid rain

Which activity releases sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere?

Burning Fossil Fuels

In what form does sulfur reach marine ecosystems?

Through geothermal vents

What is a consequence of acid rain caused by sulfuric acid?

Harm to the environment and wildlife

How do microorganisms in marine ecosystems use sulfur?

For energy instead of sunlight