Descriptive Analysis Chapter One Practice

True or False: The ability to use qualitative reasoning with quantitative tools allows management to make decisions to improve business performance.

True (Business analytics allows for the combination of qualitative reasoning with quantitative tools to identify key business problems and translate them into improved business processes.)

True or False: The use of historical information to predict what could happen in the future describes prescriptive analytics.

False (What could happen in the future describes predictive analytics, whereas "what should we do" describes prescriptive analytics.)

True or False: Data are the compilation of facts, figures, or other contents, both numerical and non-numerical.

True (The term data is defined as a compilation of facts, figures, or other contents, both numerical and non-numerical.)

True or False: Generally speaking, it is not feasible to obtain complete population data due to expense and near impossibility to examine every member of the population.

True (Obtaining population data is expensive and it is generally impossible to examine every member of the population.)

True or False: Collecting height data annually on the sample set of participants is an example of time series data.

True (Time series data are collected over several time periods on a certain group of people.)

True or False: Structured and unstructured data are only machine generated.

False (Structured and unstructured data can be both human-generated and machine-generated.)

True or False: Numerical variables are either discrete or continuous.

True (Numerical variables assume meaningful numerical values and can be categorized as either discrete or continuous, whereas categorical variables assume names or labels.)

True or False: When each piece of data in a file is separated by a comma, it is called delimiter and the file is called a comma-spliced file.

False (The file is called a comma-separated value (CSV) file or comma-delimited file.)

True or False: When coding in HTML,

is a tag used to provide structure for textual data.

True (Tags are an effective and efficient way of providing structure to code identifying the beginning and completion of items such as tables and paragraphs.)

True or False: In XML, tags are not case-sensitive and are interchangeable. For example, and represent the same pieces of information.

False (XML is case-sensitive and would view a deviation as two separate data points.)

True or False: Sally created a table that summarizes the dollar amount of last year's sales for each store. This is an example of descriptive analytics.

True (Descriptive analytics refers to gathering, organizing, tabulating, and visualizing data that summarizes "what has happened?" This includes summarizing financial statistics such as the total amount of last year's sales at each store.)

True or False: Social media data, such as Twitter, Facebook, and TicTok are examples of structured data.

False (Structured data have a pre-defined, row-column format. Social media data, while it has some defined structure, does not have the pre-defined, row-column format and therefore are considered examples of unstructured data.)

True or False: The characteristics marital status and income are examples of observations.

False (The characteristics marital status and income are examples of variables because a person's marital status and income vary from person to person. Observations (records) are data we collect about variables.)

Which if the following broad categories is not a type of analytic technique?

manipulative analytics

descriptive analytics

predictive analytics

prescriptive analytics

manipulative analytics (Descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive are the three broad categories of analytic technique.)

The people of Appleton, WI represent the __________blank, whereas we analyze the education level of a subset or __________blank to make inferences about the population.

information; cross-section

population; information

items; sample

population; sample

population; sample (Population is the observation or interest group and the sample is what we use to make inferences about the population.)

A massive volume of both structured and unstructured data that is extremely difficult to manage, process, and analyze is known by which catch phrase?

wrangling

big data

data mining

general data

big data (Big data is a catch phrase used for both data types that are difficult to manage, process, and analyze.)

The 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup contained 52 matches in total with 24 teams competing. The use of __________blank data will display team standings during and at the end of the tournament.

split-section

organized

cross-sectional

numerical

Cross-Sectional (Cross-sectional data is the best at displaying team standings containing many subjects at the same point in time.)

According to a report in US Today, 38% of young people between the ages of 19-31 have at least one tattoo. What does the 38% represent?

categorical data

random data

population

sample set

Sample Set (38% represents the sample set, whereas the total of 19-31 year-olds represents the population.)

According to a report in US Today, 38% of young people between the ages of 18-29 have at least one tattoo. What does the 38% represent?

categorical data

random data

population

sample set

Sample Set (38% represents the sample set, whereas the total of 18-29 year-olds represents the population.)

According to a report in US Today, 39% of young people between the ages of 17-31 have at least one tattoo. What do the overall observations in the study represent?

categorical data

random data

population

sample set

Population (39% represents the sample set, whereas the total of 17-31 year-olds represents the overall observations for the study known as the population.)

According to a report in US Today, 38% of young people between the ages of 18-29 have at least one tattoo. What do the overall observations in the study represent?

categorical data

random data

population

sample set

Population (38% represents the sample set, whereas the total of 18-29 year-olds represents the overall observations for the study known as the population.)

Mary asks her friends on Facebook for recommendations for the best restaurants in Chicago. The results are then placed in a table for review. What does the data represent?

time-series data

cross-sectional data

numerical data

quantitative data

Cross-Sectional Data (Cross-sectional represents the data collected by recording the characteristics, in this case restaurants, in a city location.)

In big data, the most important aspect of any analytic initiative is __________blank.

volume

veracity

values

variety

Values (Values derived from big data are the most important aspects of any analytic initiative.)

What term refers to the credibility and quality of data?

volume

veracity

values

variety

Veracity (Veracity is the credibility and quality of data.)

When compiling data, it is important to know data comes in all types, forms, and granularity. This is known as

volume.

veracity.

values.

variety.

Variety (Variety is knowing the data comes in various formats, types, and forms.)

A New York Times article notes that there are an increasing number of people calling for tech companies to ease their grip on the personal data of consumers. The concern is that a handful of companies holds most of the data. The immense amount of data is also called

volume.

veracity.

values.

variety.

Volume (Volume reflects the immense amount of data from a single or multiple source(s).)

Unstructured data is best defined as

not conforming to a predefined, row-column format.

not conforming to a way to analyze data.

conforming to a predefined, row-column format.

conforming to a managing velocity.

not conforming to a predefined, row-column format. (Unstructured does not conform to a predefined, row-column format.)

Tobias Smith is working with his company's data to examine inventory information. His intent is to use the variables to express ratios on inventory turnover. Based on this description, what is the strongest level of measurement being used?

continuous variable

interval scale

categorical

ratio scale

Ratio Scale (The ratio scale is the strongest level of measurement used to determine ratios in a live changing company environment.)

The weight of professors in a university is what type of variable?

distraction

discrete numerical

categorical

continuous numerical

continuous numerical (There are only 2 types of numerical variables, discrete or continuous. Continuous numerical represents the uncountable variables between intervals and is the best case for this example.)

The time in hours spent sleeping per day is what kind of variable?

distraction

discrete numerical

categorical

continuous numerical

continuous numerical (There are only 2 types of numerical variables, discrete or continuous. Continuous numerical represents the uncountable variables between intervals and is the best case for this example.)

Molly Nelson has been collecting temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit, daily over the past five spring seasons, to determine the optimal point to plant her heirloom tomatoes. Because the difference between each degree is the same, irrelevant of the temperature, this is what type of measurement scale?

ratio

nominal

ordinal

interval

Interval (When the increments are of the same spacing and have no true zero point, then it is an interval measure.)

Cassidy is researching the impacts of eating breakfast on college students who have classes prior to 9 am. To do this, she issued a Likert scale questionnaire to the students, with a scale of 1 through 10 to answer a series of 20 questions. What is the type of measurement scale?

ratio

nominal

ordinal

interval

Ordinal (Ordinal scales are the ranked order of the answers on the scale, thus a Likert scale is a form of ordinal measurement.)

A large retailer is asking each customer at checkout for their zip code. If the zip code is the only recorded variable, what would the summarized results field headers be in tabular format?

zip code

customer number, zip code, count

zip code, count

count

zip code, count (You would have the zip code variable and a count to capture the number of records in each zip code.)

A large retailer is asking each customer at checkout for their zip code. If the zip code is the only recorded variable, what is the type of measurement scale?

ratio

nominal

ordinal

interval

Nominal (You are grouping the zip code data and counting, thus, this is nominal in measurement. Zip codes are values that differ by name or label and allow us to categorize or group the data.)

Which one is a drawback of interval-scaled data?

The zero point is arbitrarily chosen.

The degree of measurement is not a whole number.

The scale is categorized and qualitative.

The scale in nominal and zero point is meaningful.

The zero point is arbitrarily chosen. (The interval-scaled data drawback is that the zero point is arbitrarily chosen and does not reflect a complete absence of what is being measured.)

Of the following numerical variables, which is continuous?

number of books

number of goals scored

number of students

height

Continuous (Continuous variables are characterized by uncountable values within an interval. Thus, height offers the possibility of half and partial numbers between whole numbers.)

Of the following numerical variables, which is continuous?

number of goals scored

number of stocks

number of children

weight

Weight (Continuous variables are characterized by uncountable values within an interval. Thus, weight offers the possibility of half and partial numbers between whole numbers.)

Which one of the following variables is numerical?

name

population

hair color

country

population (Numerical variables are numbers. The other variable options are all categorical in nature.)

Which one of the following variables is numerical?

city

population

state

color

population (Numerical variables are numbers. The other variable options are all categorical in nature.)

An instructor hands out course evaluations where students have a rank of 0 to 5. What is the best way for the data to be measured?

filtered

ordinal

nominal

numerical

Ordinal (Ordinal scales allow for a stronger type of measurement where items can be both categorized and ranked.)

During the winter, the ice festival committee measures the depth of the ice during the month of February. What is the type of measurement scale?

ratio

interval

nominal

numerical

Ratio (Ratio scales are a way to categorize and rank data and find meaningful differences in observations. However, ratio scales have a true zero point, whereas zero in interval scales is arbitrarily chosen. For example, an ice depth of zero feet or zero inches implies the absence of ice.)

At the local animal shelter, each animal is marked if they are a boy or a girl. What is this type of measurement scale?

filtered

ordinal

nominal

numerical

Nominal (Nominal scales are a way to sort or group categories.)

A table with the following characteristics is what kind of table?

Characteristics: All columns are aligned and have fixed widths: 5, 10, 5.

hypertext

extensible

delimited

fixed-width

fixed width (All columns are aligned and have fixed widths: 5, 10, 5.)

What is the following file format called?

Inv_Nbr, Inv_Name, Inv_Cost

876521,battery,45.00

delimited format

extensible markup

fixed-width format

hypertext format

delimited (Delimited format, also called comma-delimited file format, is where data is partitioned by commas.)

What type of markup language is this?

Inv_Nbr>102304

Inv_Name>Filter

HTML

XML

DFF

JSON

XML (The format of XML is that each line in the file contains a pair of user-defined markup tags of the file, in this case Inventory.)

The following is an example of which markup language?

{

"Inventory": [

{

"Inv_nbr": "0199284",

"Inv_Name": "Filter"

}

]

}

HTML

XML

DFF

JSON

JSON (JavaScript Notation (JSON) format contains a clear path of identifying attributes in the file, is faster to code, supports a wide range of data types, and is common for open source programming.)

The following is an example of which markup language?

Inventory_Nbr

Inventory Description

HTML

XML

DFF

JSON

HTML (HTML can be quickly distinguished by the tags used in the code, which conform to standards created by organizations such as World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).)

Which is not a viable markup language?

HTML

XML

DFF

JSON

DFF (DFF or Data File Format is a format, not a markup language.)

Which of the following is not related to data privacy?

Data collection

Data ethics

Data usage

Data transmission

Data ethics (Data privacy also referred to as information privacy, is a branch of data security related to the proper collection, usage, and transmission of data. Data ethics is a branch of ethics that studies and evaluates moral problems related to data such as whether data are being used to do the right thing for people and society.)

_________blank is a set of data that are organized and processed in a meaningful and purposeful way.

Data

Knowledge

Statistics

Information

Information (Information is a set of data that are organized and processed in a meaningful and purposeful way, whereas data are compilations of facts and figures; and knowledge is a combination of data, information, experience, and intuition)