Theoretical Chap 7 (labeling/social reaction)

What level of analysis is labeling theory?

It is a macro level theory

Labeling theory is not concerned with behavior, It is concerned with what?

the label attached to behavior (from whom to whom, the effect of labeling)

Define Labeling Theory

Certain labels are applied to people who do certain behaviors, it becomes their identity and it causes future criminal behavior

Define Symbolic Interactionism

A person’s identity is shaped by others

Define Looking Glass Self

“We become what we think others think of us”, Guy starts to become a criminal because he realizes that “society thinks I'm a criminal so i probably am one”

Labeling Theory assumption

The assumption that a systemic response to crime increases it (labeling causes more crime)

Labels are attached in response to and/or in an attempt to reduce what?

criminality

Define Primary Deviance

Random acts of Deviance that is common in most people in society. Usually non-serious/non violent (Teens getting speeding ticket/occasionally shoplifting/drinking at parties) In primary deviance, there is no labeling or it doesn't affect self image, “He’s just a kid, we all got up to mischief at that age”

Define Secondary Deviance

The deviant acts that happen after a person is labeled. Once the criminal label is internalized, the act becomes secondary Deviance because it is defined by that label. More specialized, consistent, organized

When was labeling theory developed?

1960’s,70’s

Authors of Labeling Theory

Becker, Durkheim, Tannenbaum, Edwin Lemert

Author of Reintegrative Shaming

Braithwaite (1989)

Define Reintegrative Shaming Theory

A process of shaming where there is an attempt to reintegrate the offender through words, gestures, or ceremonies that signify forgiveness, An updated version of Labeling theory

What is disintegrative shaming?

labeling/shaming a person without making an attempt to accept the offender back into the community

Reintegrative shaming ____ what?

decreases crime rates

Disintegrative shaming ____ what

increased crime rates

What is at the heart of Reintegrative Shaming?

Communitarianism

Policy Implications of Reintegrative shaming

mediation, victim impact, restitution

Empirical Validity of Reintegrative Shaming

weak empirical validity

Policy Implications of Labeling theory

Do nothing, juvenile justice diversion programs so kids don’t get labeled

In reintegrative shaming theory, how is shaming defined?

Social Disproval