Ch21-Ch# : Exam 2 In class questions

at rest, most of the blood from the body is where? ( in systemic arteries, in systemic veins, in capillaries)

in systemic veins

The blood pressure measured using a “sphygmomanometer” (i.e. a blood pressure cuff) is from which type of blood vessel?

A.	arteries
B.	veins

arteries

Assuming that blood pressure is TOO LOW, how may the body respond to restore homeostasis?

A.	vasodilation
B.	vasoconstriction
C.	decrease CO
D.	increase CO
E.	BOTH A and C
F.	BOTH B and D

vasoconstriction and increase CO (F)

over a 24 hour period, Lymph fluid gets filtered out by 3L, where does this interstitial fluid goes? (brain, heart, lymphatic vessels)

lymphatic vessels

Patients sometimes need to get lymph nodes removed. Which of these side effects may occur in that area?

A.	build up of fluid (swelling)
B.	increased risk of infection
C.	both of these
D.	none of these

both and increased risk of infection and a build up of fluid (swelling) - C

Which lymphocytes produce antibodies?

A.	T cells
B.	B cells
C.	both of these
D.	none of these

B cells

Which antibodies are the best or “primary” defenders?

A.	IgM
B.	IgG

IgG

Which of the following choices is true concerning air as it moves through the respiratory system and reaches the lungs?

A.	it is cold and dry at the lungs
B.	it reaches body temperature and is humidified
C.	pathogens and particles are trapped in mucus
D.	all of the above
E.	only B and C are true

air reaches body temperature, is humidified, and pathogen/particles are trapped in mucus (E

DO YOU REMEMBER? Which of these blood vessels in the pulmonary circulation carries DEOXYGENATED blood?

A.	pulmonary vein
B.	pulmonary artery

B. pulmonary artery

Bloomsburg is very close to sea level! Assuming the air pressure is 760 mm Hg, and the atmosphere is 78% nitrogen, calculate the partial pressure of nitrogen.

A.	160 mm Hg
B.	0.3 mm Hg
C.	593 mm Hg

593 mmHg

If a person’s blood starts to become acidic, how will their respiratory rate be affected?

A.	increase
B.	decrease
C.	no change

A. increase

During inhalation, what happens to the VOLUME inside the thoracic cavity (and the lungs)?

A.	increase
B.	decrease
C.	no change

A. increase

At any given time, most of the blood is where in our bodies?

A.	in the veins of the systemic circulation
B.	in the pulmonary arteries
C.	in the brain
D.	in the stomach

A. in the veins of the systemic circulation

Which blood vessels allow for exchange between the blood and tissues?

A.	arteries
B.	arterioles
C.	capillaries
D.	venules
E.	veins

c. capillaries

Which of the following controls blood flow through capillaries?

A.	smooth muscle contraction within the tunica media of capillaries
B.	opening/closing of precapillary sphincters

B. opening/closing of precapillary sphincters

Which blood vessels most dynamically change their diameter, and therefore contribute the most to peripheral resistance?

A.	arteries
B.	arterioles
C.	capillaries
D.	venules
E.	veins

B. arterioles

Blood flow has a directly proportional relationship to the pressure gradient. This means they .

A.	change in the same direction
B.	change in opposite directions

A. change in the same direction

A longer blood vessel will have resistance compared to a shorter one.

A.	less
B.	greater
C.	the same
D.	resistance is futile

B. greater

If blood pressure is elevated, how will the body restore homeostasis?

A.	vasoconstriction
B.	vasodilation
C.	increase cardiac output
D.	decrease cardiac output
E.	both A and C
F.	both B and D
G.	none of these options

F. both B(vasodilation) and D(decrease cardiac output)

In a capillary, when hydrostatic pressure exceeds osmotic pressure, what will occur?

A.	net filtration
B.	net absorption
C.	an aneurysm

A. net filtration

Across an entire day, filtration from capillaries exceeds absorption. Where does that fluid go?

A.	it goes directly to the urine
B.	it goes directly into the blood
C.	it is taken up into lymphatic vessels and becomes lymph
D.	we sweat it out directly

C. it is taken into lymphatic vessels and becomes lymph 

Which region of a lymph node primarily contains T cells?

A.	the subcapsular space
B.	the outer cortex
C.	the deep cortex
D.	the medulla

C. the deep cortex

Dr. Coleman gets covid (again). Oh no! He receives an injection of antibodies to help fight the infection. What type of immunity is this?

A.	naturally acquired active
B.	induced active
C.	naturally acquired passive
D.	induced passive

d. induced passive

Which of the following is an example of “innate” immunity?

A.	physical barrier like the skin
B.	fever
C.	inflammation
D.	the complement system
E.	immunological surveillance by NK cells
F.	all of the above
G.	none of the above

F. all of the above ( we are born with all these attributes and they are general defenses)

Which response is associated with the release of antibodies into body fluids?

A.	cellular immunity
B.	humoral immunity

B. humoral immunity

Which cells have CD8, and respond to antigens presented on MHC class I?

A.	cytotoxic t cells
B.	helper t cells

A. cytotoxic t cells

True or False: T cells can interact with antigens directly in body fluids.

A.	True
B.	False

B. false

Which antibody type is our primary defender against pathogens?

A.	IgM
B.	IgG
C.	IgA
D.	IgD
E.	IgE

B. IgG

True or False: B cells can interact with antigens directly in body fluids.

True

Which tissue below best describes the“respiratory epithelium”?

A.	stratified squamous
B.	simple squamous
C.	pseudostratified columnar
D.	stratified cuboidal
E.	transitional

c. pseudostratified columnar

What is the largest cartilage associated with the larynx?

A.	the hyoid bone
B.	the cricoid cartilage
C.	arytenoid cartilage
D.	thyroid cartilage
E.	the epigloopis

D. thyroid cartilage

True or False: the rings of cartilage in the tracheaare complete circles (they have an “O” shape).

A.	True
B.	False

B. false

Which cells in the lungs produce surfactant?

A.	pneumocyte type I
B.	pneumocyte type II
C.	alveolar macrophages
D.	capillary endothelial cells

B. pneumocyte type II

Which law states that assuming a closed container and constant temperature, volume and pressure are inversely related?

A.	Boyle’s law
B.	Dalton’s law
C.	Henry’s law
D.	Frank-Starling Law
E.	Coleman’s law

A. Boyle’s Law

Which law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas?

A.	Boyle’s law
B.	Dalton’s law
C.	Henry’s law
D.	Frank-Starling Law
E.	Coleman’s law

B. Dalton’s Law

When you put CO2 and H2O together, what is the first product that forms?

A.	hydrochloric acid
B.	sulfuric acid
C.	carbonic acid
D.	nitric acid

c. carbonic acid

If pCO2 in the blood increases, what will happen to the respiratory rate?

A.	it will increase
B.	it will decrease
C.	no change

A. it will increase