Aural Rehab Final Review (Comprehensive)

ICF

a classification system created by WHO that considers the consequences of a health related condition within the context of a patient’s environment and circumstances; framework to communicate information about an individual’s disability and function across disciplines

biopsychosocial, person-centered, interdisciplinary approach

body structure

term within the ICF that refers to an anatomical part of the body

body functions

term within the ICF that refers to the physiological functions of body systems

activity

term within the ICF that refers to the execution of a task or action by an individual

participation

term within the ICF that refers to involvement in a life situation

environmental factors

term within the ICF that refers to the physical, social, and attitudinal environment in which a patient lives and conducts his or her life

personal factors

term within the ICF that encompasses the patient’s age, lifestyle, race, coping styles, attitudes, self-efficacy, habits, preferences, socioeconomic background, and other health conditions

activity limitation (disability)

term within the ICF that refers to a change at the level of the person brought about by an impairment at the level of body structure and function

participation limitation (handicap)

term within the ICF that refers to an effect of an activity limitation that results in a change in the broader scope of a patient’s life

phoneme testing

testing that isolates phonetic pronunciations so phonetic errors can be studied; indicates the kinds of speech features utilized during speech recognition and helps determine training goals and ability

narrative therapy

counseling approach that focuses on the narrative, discussing the problem as separate from the patient and explores HL impact on patient and frequency communication partners; used when patient has an overly negative view of their HL that works to attach new meanings to their experience and reassure them

explicit categorization

part of informational counseling that categorizes pertinent information to discuss in order

personal adjustment counseling

counseling that focuses on adjustment and acceptance; three approaches: cognitive, behavior, affective

cognitive approach

modifies thought process by identifying activating event, evaluating event, identify consequences of event, dispute negative feelings, create effective action

behavior approach

modify behavior to unlearn negative behavior, desensitize negative reactions, identify physical systems of stress, introduce relaxation techniques

desensitization

reducing negative reaction through repeated exposure

affective approach

modify emotions by focusing on feelings & finding congruence with self; uses honest person-centered approach, conditional positive regard, empathetic understanding, reflection & clarification point-of-view

hearing aids

one of the general types of listening devices that typically features a microphone, amplifier, and receiver to make sounds louder for someone with mild to severe hearing loss

implantable devices

one of the general types of listening devices that encompasses devices that are usually surgically placed, including cochlear implants & middle-ear implants

cochlear implants

type of implantable device that encompasses a metal plate surgically put on the skull, and a receiver clipped onto it on the outside of the head; for those who cannot benefit from a hearing aid, usually because of severe HL

middle-ear implants

type of implantable device that is put within the middle-ear, usually for patients who cannot wear an external hearing aid or who choose not to

hearing assistive technology systems

technology that helps with face-to-face communication barriers that may occur because of hearing loss; includes broadcast & other electronic media, telephone use, noisy environments, and environmental stimuli

microphone

component of hearing aid that converts acoustic signal to an electric signal

amplifier

component of hearing aid that increase the sound level of the signal

receiver

component of hearing aid that converts the electrical signal into an acoustic signal

directional microphone

type of microphone that only responds to sound from the front

omnidirectional microphone

type of microphone that responds to sound from all directions

automatic directional (ADM)

type of microphone that adaptively responds to sound, switching between directional and adaptive modes based on sound characteristics of environment

bone-anchored hearing aid

transmits sound through skull via external component coupled to titanium screw; typically for people who cannot wear an external hearing aid or who choose not to do so

more

Hearing loss requires (less/more) perceptual effort to simply recognize the words in an utterance.

analytic training

hearing training that focuses on elements of speech and perception of the fine-grained acoustical differences to improve the ability to identify individual speech sounds

synthetic training

hearing training that focuses on meaning of utterances and perception of the whole message to improve ability to comprehend at sentence levels

brain plasticity

the brain’s ability to change as a result of experience, behavior, environment, sensory deprivation, or stimulation; helpful for “recalibrating” auditory training for listening with new hearing devices

lipreading

using only the visual speech signal and related facial and body gestures to recognize speech

speechreading

uses the visual speech signal and the auditory signal and related facial and body gestures to recognize speech

analytic speechreading

type of speechreading that focuses on identifying individual phonemes and syllables

synthetic speachreading

type of speechreading that emphasizes understanding the overall meaning of sentences and phrases using context

anticipatory strategies

strategies to deal with hearing loss that focus on anticipating potential vocabulary and conversational content

specific repair strategies

strategies to deal with hearing loss that repair conversation focusing on clarity and specificity; includes asking speaker to repeat all or part of the message, rephrase the message, elaborate the message, simplify, clarify topic, confirm message, receive feedback, write or fingerspell

non-specific repair strategies

strategies to deal with hearin loss that may or may not effectively repair conversation; includes saying what, huh, pardon, or shoulder shruging

maladaptive strategies

strategies to deal with hearin loss that cope with difficulties in inappropriate manners; bluffing, withdrawing from interactions, dominating conversations, feelings of anger & self-pity

bluffing

pretending to understand communication when in reality there was no understanding

formal instruction

one of the stages of communication strategies training where client learns and practices the types of strategies; includes group sharing & instruction, courtesy, explanation, direction

guided learning

one of the stages of communication strategies training where client is encouraged to use conversational strategies in a structured setting; includes modeling, role-playing, analysis of videos, attention, continuous discourse tracking

real-world practice

one of the stages of communication strategies training where client encouraged to use strategies in real-world contexts

adult-onset hearing loss

hearing loss among adults that typically is progressive, sensorineural, mild, and down-sloping configuration

pre-awareness

one of the stages of a patients journey through hearing loss that exists before acknowledgement of their hearing loss; includes denial, turning up the TV, blaming others for mumbling, fatigue from increased perceptual effort, ignore symptoms

awareness

one of the stages of a patients journey through hearing loss where the patient has to acknowledge their symptoms, has repeated frustration, increased anxiety, fear of aging, social withdrawal

movement

one of the stages of a patients journey through hearing loss where there is full realization that moves towards action, investigating solutions, reasearch, talking to friends, making an appointment

diagnosis

one of the stages of a patients journey through hearing loss where there is an appointment with professional, assessment, receiving diagnosis, emotional reactions like denial or relief

rehabilitation

one of the stages of a patients journey through hearing loss where there is active engagement with solutions, receiving hearing aids, learning to use assistive devices, attending counseling or lip-reading classes, follow-up appointments

resolution

one of the stages of a patients journey through hearing loss where there is acceptance of hearing loss & management, improved communication strategies, consistent use of devices, asking others to speak louder or face them when speaking, integrating changes into daily life

presbycusis

hearing loss associated with the agin process; typically high-frequency hearing loss; affects 30% over 65 y.o., & 50% 75-79 y.o.

JCIH

national committee that establishes professional guidelines for early detection, evaluation, and intervention for infants with hearing loss, focusing on equitable access to care; created the EHDI

Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI)

the national practice of screening all newborns for hearing loss to identify hearing loss early to ensure proper language and communication development; 1-3-6 guid

1-3-6 guideline

EHDI guideline for hearing loss that created a national standard to screen all newborns by 1 month, diagnose by 3 months, intervene by 6 months

sequential stage model of grieving

model for parental grieving that describes stages of grief including shock & disbelief, guilt, bargaining, anger, depression or detachment, acceptance

circular-pathways model of grieving

model for parental grieving that look like an infinity, with an outward-focused pathway (including hope, explore, meanings, and invest), an inward-focused pathway (including meanings, protest, despair, and detach), and external influences

IDEA Part C

federal grant program that assists states in operating a comprehensive statewide program of early intervention services for infants and toddlers (0-3 y.o.) with disabilities and their families; basically makes sure every elligible child has access to early intervention by reducing costs, early intervention

IFSP

plan for education of preschool children that includes entire family, with parents playing an active role in development; specifies child’s present capabilities, identifies family’s resources & priorities & concerns, and describe goals for achieving progress

spoken language

type of communication mode where person uses multi-sensory system using both vision & hearing to recognize speech and verbalize their own speech

manually coded English

type of communication mode where person uses a manual system of communication corresponding to the words & syntax of English that includes speaking simultaneously while signing

total communication

communication when the child uses every available means to receive a message, including sign, residual hearing, and lipreading

sign language

type of communication mode where person uses manual system of communication expressed by the hands through configruatio, orientation, location, movement, is a distinct language with its own syntax and semantics

Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet

historical figure who was commissioned to learn deaf education approaches; learned manual communication system from Abbe Sicard & Laurent Clerc, and created first American Deaf school

Gallaudet University

the first college for Deaf students; founded by President Edward Miner Gallaudet

Clark School

Deaf school establish by Samuel Howe that was big on oralism; associated with Alexander Graham Bell because he was Howe’s son-in-law

manual communication approach

Deaf teaching approach where the Deaf person uses sign language for communication

oral communication approach

Deaf teaching approach where the Deaf person is taught to speak and speechread

IEP

plan created for each individual child in school-age needing extra support taking into account their SPED needs, strengths, skills, and impact on learning & goals

includes: duration of services, objectives, how to review, assessment information, placement justification

self-contained classroom

classroom placement that places the SPED kid in a different classroom either alone or along with other SPED kids

mainstream classroom

classroom placement that places the SPED kid in the normal classroom alonside other kids, along with direct & indirect services, accommodations

mixed classroom

classroom placement that places the SPED kid in the mainstream classroom for part of their time and in the self-contained classroom for part of their time

classroom acoustics

the sound quality of a classroom; access to auditory information in the classroom can be challenging due to these factors: distance, noise, reverberation

35 dBA

What is the noise level an unoccupied classroom should be at for ideal classroom acoustics?

50 dBA

What is the average noise levels for unoccupied classrooms?

reverberation

sound signal reflecting from walls, floor, or ceiling magnifying noise and impacts speech recognition

format accommodations

adjustments to academic assignments to accommodate for hearing difficulties or communication breakdowns; ex: abbreviated assignments, abundant visual aids, content enhancement, content reduction, study partner/classroom buddy, flexible scheduling, language simplification, paraphrasing

A Loss for Words: Deafness in a Family

Book

Main concept: The experience of a hearing child with Deaf parents

Primary psychosocial theme: personal identity development while existing between two worlds with communication barriers and responsibilities being navigated

Train Go Sorry: Inside of a Deaf world

Book

Main concept: hearing daughter of principal of deaf school tells the stories of various Deaf students

Primary psychosocial theme: Navigating Deafness identity in the world

The Art of Being Deaf

Book

Main concept: a middle-aged woman with moderate-severe hearing loss reflects on how her parents insistence on oralism and her hearing loss has affected her life

Primary psychosocial theme: communication breakdowns can have a big impact on relationships

Deaf Like Me

Book

Main concept: father along with his family navigates supporting his daughter with severe hearing loss

Primary psychosocial theme: oralism vs manualism