Chapters 10 & 12 (Observational Learning; Forgetting)

The text identifies two types of observational learning

social and asocial

There are two kinds of consequences of a model’s behavior

reinforcing and punishing

Generally, the tendency to learn from models

increases with age

The tendency to imitate models even when the modeled behavior is not reinforced is
called

generalized imitation

Observational learning can be defined as a change in behavior due to observing

a model

Imitating irrelevant aspects of a model’s behavior is called

over-imitation

Bandura’s theory relies on four processes

attentional, retentionional, motivational, and motor reproductive

The operant learning model says that observational learning is a variation of

operant learning

some researchers use a ______ condition to study asocial observational learning

ghost

The period between training and testing for forgetting is called the

retention period

Knowledge that is implicit, or cannot be expressed, is known as

non-declarative knowledge

in his studies of nonsense syllables, Ebbinghaus used the

relearning/savings method

DMTS

delayed matching to sampe

John McGeoch argued that forgetting is not caused by

time/passage of time

Practicing a skill even after it is performed without errors is an example of

overlearning

When experiences after training interfere with performance, the effect is called

retroactive interference

Some researchers argue that forgetting is due to a failure of

stimulus control

The research of Elizabeth Loftus and her colleagues raises doubts about the
trustworthiness of

eyewitness testimony

The Russian neuropsychologist Aleksandr Luria studied the man who could not
seem to

forget

what is over imitation

imitate behavior that is irrelevant, unnecessary

unskilled model is also known as

a learning model

why are model characteristics important

induce the observer to attend to the models behavior

two important variables in social observational learning

consequences of models behavior and consequences of observers behavior

how do rewarding consequences affect our decision to imitate successful models

we imitate successful models because we expect rewarding consequences

what is attention

influence of environmental events on behavior

edutainment

fiction to model socially helpful behavior

what is forgetting

deterioration in performance following a period without practice

what is another name for the relearning method

savings method

what learning procedure is paired associate learning

operant procedure, BX followed by either reinforcing or punishing consequence

tactics for reducing forgetting

overlearn, practice with feedback, distribute practice, test yourself, mnemonics, context clues

imitation vs emulation

copy model behavior exactly vs reaching goal of model through different behaviors