3.1 European, East Asian, and Gunpowder Empires Expand

What were the Gunpowder Empires known for?

They were known for their effective use of firearms and artillery in warfare.

Who was Mehmed II and what did he accomplish?

Mehmed II, known as 'the Conqueror,' captured Constantinople in 1453.

What is the significance of the year 1453 for the Ottoman Empire?

It marked a significant shift in power as Constantinople was transformed into Istanbul.

Who ruled the Ottoman Empire at its peak?

Suleiman I, also known as Suleiman the Magnificent.

What was the Safavid Empire's origin?

It arose from Sufism in the northern Azerbaijan region of Iran.

Who was the founder of the Safavid Empire?

Ismail, who expanded Persian influence and battled with the Ottomans.

What achievements characterized the Mughal Empire?

It was known for its cultural renaissance and architectural achievements.

Who initiated the Mughal Empire in India?

Babur, a descendant of Tamerlane.

What marked the transition from medieval to early modern Europe?

The end of plagues, the Hundred Years' War, and the invention of the Gutenberg printing press around 1450.

Which monarchs contributed to the rise of powerful nation-states in Europe?

Monarchs like England's Tudors, France's Valois, and Spain's Ferdinand and Isabella.

What was Ivan IV known for in Russian history?

He was known as Ivan the Terrible and aggressively expanded Russia's borders.

What family did Ivan IV commission to control the fur trade?

The Stroganov family.

What was the Ming Dynasty known for?

Stabilizing China for nearly 300 years and reinforcing the Great Wall.

What happened to the Ming Dynasty in 1644?

It was overthrown by the Manchu, who founded the Qing Dynasty.

How did Islamic empires compare to European powers regarding military modernization?

Islamic empires did not modernize their militaries to the same extent as European powers, contributing to their decline.