AP Psychology Unit 4 Test

Attribution bias

The tendency to explain someone's behavior by attributing it to their character rather than situational factors.

Confirmation bias

The tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one’s preexisting beliefs.

Superordinate goals

Goals that require cooperation among individuals or groups to achieve, promoting unity.

Sensation seeking theory

A theory suggesting that individuals have varying levels of desire for intense experiences.

Group polarization

The tendency for group members to make more extreme decisions than individuals would alone.

Central route to persuasion

A method of persuasion that involves deep processing of the information presented.

Self-serving bias

The tendency to attribute positive outcomes to oneself and negative outcomes to external factors.

Moderate

A position or attitude that is not extreme, representing balance in opinions or behaviors.

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A prediction that causes itself to become true due to the influence of the belief on behavior.

Social loafing

The phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working collectively than when working alone.

Self-determination theory

A theory that emphasizes the role of intrinsic motivation in driving human behavior.

Diffusion of responsibility

A sociopsychological phenomenon where individuals feel less compelled to act when others are present.

Introversion

A personality trait characterized by a focus on internal feelings rather than external sources of stimulation.

People's reluctance to help others in emergencies

A decision-making phenomenon where individuals do not offer help because they believe others will.

Making unfair judgments

The tendency to form biased evaluations or conclusions about individuals or groups.

Halo effect

The cognitive bias where the perception of one positive trait influences the perception of other traits.

Group think

A psychological phenomenon where the desire for harmony in a group results in irrational or dysfunctional decision-making.

Deindividuation

A process in which individuals lose their self-awareness and sense of individual accountability in groups.

Stereotype

A widely held but oversimplified idea of a particular type of person or thing.

Fundamental attribution error

The tendency to overemphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors in judging others' behavior.

Foot-in-the-door technique

A persuasion strategy that involves getting a person to agree to a large request by first setting them up with a smaller request.

Normative social influence

Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval from others.

Moderate

A position or attitude that is not extreme, reflecting balance in opinion or behavior.