world history

topic 2

purgatory

a place of punishment where soul pay for past sins

indulgence

a release from all or part of punishment for sin by the catholic church, reducing time purgatory after death

thesis

a position or idea a person puts forward and is willing to prove through argument

recant

to withdraw a statement or position formally and publicly

humanism

an intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities, which included grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history

heretic

a person who opposes or does not conform to established religious teachings

predestination

the belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved (the elect) and who will be condemned (the reprobate)

popular sovereignty

the right to govern through the consent of the people

mercenary

a soldier who fights primarily for pay

republic

a form of government in which the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote

rhetoric

persuasive speech or writing

vernacular

the language of everyday speech in a particular region

fresco

painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints

linear perspective

artistic technique used to give the effect of three-dimenisonal depth to two-dimensonal surfaces

altarpiece

an artwork that represents a religious subject and is placed behind the altar of a Christian church

Duomo

a church built to serve as a cathedral; this reference is to the cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Orvieto

Pieve

a church with a baptistery

sarcophagus

a stone coffin or burial place

patron

a wealthy supporter or funder of an artist

canonical

relating to an accepted tradition, standard, or norm

assimilated

absorbed into

reiterate

repeat; do over again

woe

grief, trouble

guile

deceit and trickery

christian humanism

a movement that in northern Europe during the Renaissance combining classical learning and individualism with the goal of reforming the catholic church

predestination

the concept that God has already determined who is saved and is condemned

salvation

the state of being saved (that is, going to heaven) through faith alone or through faith and good works

indulgence

a release from all or part of punishment for for sin by the Catholic Church, reducing time in purgatory after death